Ganit Aur Ankavidya

Ganit Aur Ankavidya

 

Praacheen Misravaasiyon Ke Liye, 2 Aur 3 Brahmaanda Ki Do Mool Sankhyaayen Hain. Saare Tathya Bina Kisi Apavaad Ke Prakriti Me Dhruveeya Evam Tatva Roop Me Triaayaami Hote Hain. Is Prakaar, Keval Sankhya 2 Aur 3 Hi Mool Sankhyaayen Hain, Jinase Anya Sankhyaayen Utpann Hoti Hain.

Do Ki Sankhya Bahulata-Naareetv, Parivartanasheel Dhaarana Karane Ki Shakti Ka Prateek Hai, Jabaki Teen Ki Sankhya Purus Ka Prateek Hai. Yah Brahmaanda Ka Sangeet Tha, Aadi Stri Aur Purus Ke Brahmaandeeya Prateekon Osiris Aur Isis Ke Beech Yah Brahmaandeeya Jugalabandi Chhidi Tatha Swarg Ke Is Vivaah Se Sntaan Horus Ka Janm Hua. Plutarch Ne Apne Moraaliya Ke Khanda 5 Me Praacheen Misriyon Ke Is Gyaan Ki Pushti Ki Hai:

“Teen (Osiris) Pratham Poorna Visam Sankhya Hai, Chaar Ek Varg Hai Jisaka Paksh Sam Sankhya Do (Isis) Hai, Lekin Paanch (Horus) Kuchh Maayanon Me Apne Pita Jaisa Hai, Aur Kuchh Maayanon Me Apni Maan Ke Jaisa, Kyonki Yah Teen Aur Do Se Milakar Bana Hai….”

Do Mool Sankhyaaon 2 Aur 3 (Jinhen Isis Aur Osiris Ke Roop Me Niroopit Kiya Gaya Hai) Ke Mahatva Ko Sicilya Ke Diodorus Ne [Pustak 1, 11. 5] Me Spasht Kiya Hai,

‘‘Ye Do Neteru (Devi-Devata), Poore Brahmaanda Ko Thaame Rakhate Hain, Aur Niyamit Karate Hain, Tatha Sabhi Ko Posana Aur Vriddhi, Dono Pradaan Karate Hain…’’

Praacheen Misr Ke Sajeev Sansaar Men, Sankhya Ko Keval Maatra Bhar Nahi Maana Jaata Tha, Balki Isake Bajaaya Unhen Prakriti Ke Urjaavaan Praarambhik Siddhaanton Ki Thos Paribhashayen Maana Jaata Tha. Misravaasi In Urjaavaan Siddhaanton Ko Neteru (Devi-Devata) Kahate The. Misravaasiyon Ke Liye, Sankhyaayen Keval Sam Aur Visam Nahi Theen. Moraaliya Ke Khanda 5 Men, Plutarch, In Praacheen Misri Sajeev Sankhya Ko Bade Hi Bhaavapoorna Dhang Se Nirdist Karate Hue 3: 4: 5 Trikona: Ka Varnaan Karata Hai:

Lamb Ko Purus Maana Ja Sakata Hai, Adhaar Ko Mahila Aur Karna Ko Donaan Ke Bachche Ke Roop Me Maana Ja Sakata Hai, Aur Is Prakaar Osiris Ko Udgam, Isis Ko Adhaar, Aur  Horus Ko Siddh Parinaam Ke Roop Me Maana Ja Sakata Hai.

In Sankhyaaon Ki Jeevan Shakti Aur Inaka Paarasparik Samvaad Bataata Hai Ki Ve Kis Prakaar Purus Aur Stri, Sakriya Aur Niskriy, Kshaitij Aur Lambavat, … Aadi Hain. Praacheen Misri Paramparaaon Me Sankhyaaon Ke Daiveeya Mahatva Ko Ganaanaakaar Devi ‘‘Sheshaat’’ Ke Roop Me Abhivyakt Kiya Gaya Hai. Netert (Devi) Seshaat Ko, Lekhan Ki Devi, Lipik, Daiveeya Pustakaalaya (Abhilekhaagaar) Ki Pradhaan, Nirmaataaon Ki Devi Aadi Vishesanaon Se Bhi Pukaara Jaata Hai.

Seshaat Ko Thoth (Tehuti) Ke Saath Kaafi Nikatata Se Sambaddh Aur Usaki Mahila Samakaksh Maana Jaata Hai.

Pythagoras (580-500 Eisa Poorv) Ke Maadhyam Se Sankhyaatmak Prateekon Ki Yah Misri Avadhaarana Pashchim Me Lokapriya Huyi. Yah Ek Gyaat Tathya Hai Ki Pythagoras Ne Chhathi Saadi Eisa Poorv Me Lagabhag 20 Varson Tak Misr Me Adhyayan Kiya Tha.

Pythagoras Aur Usake Najadeeki Anuyaayiyon Ne Swyam Apna Likha Kuchh Bhi Nahi Chhoda. Fir Bhi, Pashchimi Vidvaan Pythagoras Aur Tathaakathit Pythagoreano Ko Ek Na Khatm Hone Vaali Soochi Ko Jarie Badi-Badi Upalabdhiyon Ka Shreya Dete Hain. Pashchimi Pandito Ne Unake Naam Ek Blank Check Hi Jaari Daala.

Kaha Jaata Hai Ki Pythagoras Aur Unake Anuyaayi Sankhyaayon Ko Divya Avadhaaranaaon Aur Ishwar Ki Kalpanaaon Ke Roop Me Dekhate The, Jisane Sankhyaatmak Pratimaan Ke Anukram Ka Paalan Karate Hue Annt Vividhataaon Vaala Brahmaanda Banaaya. Theek Yahi Siddhaant, Pythagoras Ke Janm Se 13 Saadi Pahle, Rhind Ganiteeya Papyrus (1848-1801 B.C.) Ke Naam Se Jaane Vaale Misri Papyrus Ke Sheersak Me Vyakt Kiya Gaya Hai, Jo Vaada Karata Hai,

Prakriti Me Maujood Har Cheez, Har Gupt Baat, Har Rahasya Ko Jaanane Ka Niyam Hai.

Isaka Ashaya Bilkul Spasht Hai-Ki Praacheen Misravaasi ‘‘Sabhi Astitv’’ Ke Adhaar Ke Roop Me Sankhyaaon Aur Unake Paraspar Sambandhon (Tathaakathit Ganit) Par Vishvaas Karate The Aur Usake Liye Unhonne Niyam Banaaya Tha.

Misri Kala Aur Nirmaana Ke Sabhi Dhaanchaagat Tatva (Aayaam, Anupaat, Sankhya, … Vagairah) Misr Ke Sankhyaatmak Prateekavaad Par Adhaarit The, Jaise Misr Ke Sabase Bade Mandir, Arthaat Karnak Mandir Parisar Ka Praacheen Misri Naam Apet-Sut Tha Jisaka Matalab Hota Hai, Sthaanon Ka Ganak. Mandir Ka Naam Hi Sab Kuchh Bol Deta Hai. Yah Mandir 1971 Eisa Poorv Madhya Saamraajya Me Shuru Hua Tha Aur Agale 1,500 Saal Tak Isame Vriddhi Hoti Rahi.   (Sankhya Aur Usake Mahatva Ke Baare Me Aur Adhik Jaanakaari Ke Liye Moustafa Gadalla Dvaara Likhit Pustaken Misr Ka Brahmaanda Vigyaan: Sajeev Brahmaanda Aur The Ancient Egyptian Metaphysical Architecture Dekhen.)

Vartamaan Me ‘‘Ganit’’ Ke Seemit Istemaal Ko Dekha Jaaye To, Praacheen Misri Smaarakon Ki Shresthata Unake Gyaan Ki Shresthata Ko Pramaanait Karati Hai. Arambh Ke Liye Unake Paas 1 Ke Sanket Vaali Dashamalav Ki Pranaali Thi, Isi Prakaar 10, 100, 1,000 Ke Aadi The. Pratham Rajvansh (2575 Eisa Poorv) Ki Shuruaat Ke Saboot Darshaate Hain, Ki Sanket Paddhati Me 1,000,000 Tak Ke Liye Chinh Gyaat The. Ve Jodane Aur Ghataane Ka Istemaal Karate The. Saralatam Maamalon Chhod Kar Jisame Kisi Sankhya Ko Doguna Ya Das Guna Kiya Jaata Tha, Guna Karane Me Doguna Karane Aur Jodane Ki Prakriya Apnaayi Jaati Thi, Yah Theek Vaise Hi Hai Jaise Ki Computer Ki Prakriya Hoti Hai. Hamaari Gunaan Taalikaayen Kuchh Aur Nahi, Balki Poori Tarah Se Yaad Rakhane Par Adhaarit Hoti Hain, Jise Kisi Bhi Tarah Se Maanaveeya Upalabdhi Nahi Maana Ja Sakata Hai. Computer Ki Prakriya Adhik Asaan, Adhik Sateek Aur Adhik Tej Hai, Jaisa Ki Ham Sabhi Jaanate Hain.

Ye Guru Log Praacheen Misr Ke Dher Saari Rachanaaon Me Sannihit Gyaan Ko Anadekha Karate Hain. Ve Keval Madhya Saamraajya Kaal Se Praapt Papyrus Tatha Usi Tarah Ke Milate-Julate Kuchh Anya Praacheen Misri Aanshon Ko Hi Uddhrit Karana Chaahate Hain. Ganit Ka Adhyayan, ‘‘Ganiteeya’’ Papyri Ko Likhe Jaane Se Bahut Pahle Shuru Ho Chuka Tha. Ye Praapt Papyri Adhunik Arthon Vaale Ganiteeya Lekhon Ka Pratinidhitva Nahi Karate Hain, Kahane Ka Matalab Hai Ki Uname Vibhinn Prakaar Ki Samasyaaon Ko Hal Karane Vaale Niyamon Ki Lambee-Chaudi Shrrinkhalaayen Nahi Likhi Huyi Hain, Balki Iname Keval Taalikaaon Ki Sahaayak Saaranaiyon Aur Udaaharanaon Ki Shrrinkhalaayen Di Gayin Hain. Sabase Adhik Sandarbhit Ki Jaane Vaali Chaar Papyri Is Prakaar Hain:

  1. Rhind ‘‘Ganiteeya’’ Papyrus (British Sangrahaalaya Me Sanrakshit) Baarahaven Rajvansh Ke Raja Nemaara (1849-1801 Eisa Poorv), Ke Daur Ke Ek Puraane Dastaavez Ki Prati Hai. Isame Kayi Udaaharan Diye Gaye Hain Jinhen Misri Puraatatvashaastraiyon Ne Kramaank (1-84) Pradaan Kiye Hain.
  2. Moscow ‘‘Ganiteeya’’ Papyrus (Moscow Ke Lalit Kala Sangrahaalaya Me Sanrakshit) Bhi Baarahaven Rajvansh Kaal Ka Hi Hai. Isame Kayi Udaaharan Diye Gaye Hain Jinhen Misri Puraatatvashaastraiyon Ne Kramaank (1-19) Pradaan Kiye Hain. Chaaron Udaaharan Jyaamiteeya Hain.
  3. Kahun Ke Tukade.
  4. Berlin Papyrus 6619, Jisame Kramaank 1-4 Ke Antargat Chaar Tukadon Ki Pratilipi Hain.

Rhind ‘‘Ganiteeya’’ Papyrus Ki Saamagri Sankshep Me Is Prakaar Hai:

  • Ankaganiteeya

– Vibhinn Sankhyaaon Ka Bhaag
– Bhinn Anko Ka Gunaa
– Pratham Ghaat Ke Sameekaranaon Ke Hal
– Asamaan Anupaat Vaale Padon Ka Vibhaajan

  • Maapn

– Belanaakaar Paatron Ke Ayatan Tatha Ghaneeya Avayav Tatha Ayataakaar Ke Samaantar Falak

  • Inake Kshetrafal:

– Chaturbhuj
– Vritt
– Trikona
– Sankshipt Trikona
– Visam Chaturbhuj

  • Kisi Pyramid Aur Kisi Shnku Ke Dhalaan Ka Kona
  • Vividh Samasyaayenah

– Samaantar Shreni Me Aanshon Me Vibhaajan
– Jyaamiteeya Shrenaee

Anya Papyri Se Gyaat Anya Ganiteeya Prakriyaayenah

  • Saamaanyaa Bhinn Me Shaamil Raashiyon Ka Varg Aur Varg Mool (Berlin 6619).
  • Dvighaatiya Sameekaranaon Ke Hal (Berlin Papyrus 6619).
  • Yahaan Gaur Karane Vaali Baat Hai Ki Rhind Papyrus Se Hame Pata Chalata Hai Ki Pyramid Ki Dhalaan Ki Ganana (Rhind Sankhya 56-60) Me Usi Chatuskonaeeya Tribhuj Ke Siddhaanton Ka Paalan Kiya Gaya Hai, Jise Pythagoras Prameya Kaha Jaata Hai. Yah Misri Papyrus, Pythagoras Ke Is Dharati Par Ane Se Hazaaron Saal Pahle Ke Hain.

Yah Prameya Hame Bataata Hai Ki Kisi Samakona Tribhuj Ke Karna Ka Varg Anya Do Bhujaaon Ke Vargon Ke Yog Ke Baraabar Hota Hai. Plutarch Ne Samakona Tribhuj Ke (3: 4: 5) Teenon Pakshon Ke Beech Ke Sambandhon Ko Bataaya Tha, Jise Vah (Apne Samaya Ke Anya Sabhi Logon Ki Tarah) ‘‘Osiris’’ Tribhuj Kahata Tha.

 

[isaka ek ansh:Praacheen Misri Sanskriti Ka Rahasyodghaatan -Vistaarit Dviteeya Sanskaran dvaara likhit Moustafa Gadalla]

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