{"id":20114,"date":"2019-03-07T10:15:07","date_gmt":"2019-03-07T15:15:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/%e5%9f%83%e5%8f%8a%e5%af%b9%e5%86%b6%e9%87%91%e5%92%8c%e9%87%91%e5%b1%9e%e5%8a%a0%e5%b7%a5%e7%9a%84%e4%ba%86%e8%a7%a3\/"},"modified":"2022-12-29T13:16:54","modified_gmt":"2022-12-29T18:16:54","slug":"%e5%9f%83%e5%8f%8a%e5%af%b9%e5%86%b6%e9%87%91%e5%92%8c%e9%87%91%e5%b1%9e%e5%8a%a0%e5%b7%a5%e7%9a%84%e4%ba%86%e8%a7%a3","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/es\/%e5%9f%83%e5%8f%8a%e5%af%b9%e5%86%b6%e9%87%91%e5%92%8c%e9%87%91%e5%b1%9e%e5%8a%a0%e5%b7%a5%e7%9a%84%e4%ba%86%e8%a7%a3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u57c3\u53ca\u5bf9\u51b6\u91d1\u548c\u91d1\u5c5e\u52a0\u5de5\u7684\u4e86\u89e3"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u57c3\u53ca\u5bf9\u51b6\u91d1\u548c\u91d1\u5c5e\u52a0\u5de5\u7684\u4e86\u89e3<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>1.<\/strong><strong>\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u7684\u51b6\u91d1\u548c\u91d1\u5c5e\u52a0\u5de5\u77e5\u8bc6<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u52a0\u5de5\u91d1\u5c5e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u81f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u5728\u4e94\u5343\u5e74\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u91c7\u77ff\u3001\u51b6\u70bc\u548c\u91d1\u5c5e\u52a0\u5de5\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u867d\u7136\u751f\u4ea7\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u91d1\u94f6\u5408\u91d1\u3001\u94dc\u548c\u9752\u94dc\u5408\u91d1\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u7f3a\u4e4f\u51e0\u79cd\u77ff\u85cf\uff0c\u5982\u94f6\u3001\u94dc\u3001\u9521\u3001\u94c5\u7b49\u77ff\u7269\u3002\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u5229\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u52d8\u63a2\u57c3\u53ca\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u77ff\u85cf\u3002\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u5177\u6709\u77ff\u77f3\u52d8\u63a2\u3001\u91c7\u77ff\u5de5\u827a\u4ee5\u53ca\u9646\u8def\u548c\u6c34\u8def\u957f\u9014\u8fd0\u8f93\u91cd\u7269\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u53e3\u6700\u591a\u3001\u6700\u5bcc\u5eb6\u7684\u56fd\u5ea6\uff0c\u57c3\u53ca\u5927\u91cf\u8fdb\u53e3\u539f\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u51fa\u53e3\u5236\u6210\u54c1\u3002\u53e4\u4ee3\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u5236\u6210\u54c1\u548c\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u4ea7\u54c1\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u76c6\u5730\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\u3001\u4e9a\u6d32\u548c\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5893\u846c\u4e2d\u5747\u6709\u53d1\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u5e76\u61c2\u5f97\u5229\u7528\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u5236\u9020\u5404\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u5929\u7136\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u548c\u74f7\u5668\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u4e00\u6591\u3002\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u8fd8\u5229\u7528\u94dc\u6765\u5e7b\u5316\u51fa\u5404\u79cd\u7f8e\u4e3d\u7684\u989c\u8272\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u5404\u79cd\u91d1\u5c5e\u6210\u4efd\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u76d0\u7c7b\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u8d28\u4e0a\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u201c\u73b0\u4ee3\u201d\u5bf9\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u51b6\u91d1\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u8c0b\u800c\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5316\u5b66\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u3001\u6027\u8d28\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d8\u5316\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\uff1b\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u8bfe\u9898\u6216\u6d3b\u52a8\u9886\u57df\uff1b\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u3001\u7ec4\u6210\u3001\u53cd\u5e94\u548c\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u51b6\u91d1\u5b66\u662f\u91d1\u5c5e\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u51b6\u70bc\u3001\u7cbe\u70bc\u7b49\u4ece\u77ff\u77f3\u4e2d\u5206\u79bb\u91d1\u5c5e\u5e76\u5236\u5907\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u91d1\u5c5e\u52a0\u5de5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u7194\u70bc\u3001\u953b\u9020\u3001\u710a\u63a5\u548c\u9542\u523b\u6280\u672f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u719f\u7ec3\u800c\u4e14\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53d1\u8fbe\u3002\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u6709\u5173\u91d1\u5c5e\u52a0\u5de5\u8bb0\u5f55\u9891\u7e41\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u6709\u66f4\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u5728\u5408\u6210\u91d1\u5c5e\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u4ece\u5728\u5362\u514b\u7d22\uff08\u5e95\u6bd4\u65af\uff09\u548c\u57c3\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u82b1\u74f6\u3001\u955c\u5b50\u548c\u9752\u94dc\u5668\u5177\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u5145\u5206\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u5f88\u591a\u529e\u6cd5\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u8c03\u5236\u5408\u91d1\u6df7\u5408\u914d\u6bd4\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u9752\u94dc\u7684\u6210\u4efd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u8d4b\u4e88\u9752\u94dc\u6216\u9ec4\u94dc\u5200\u5251\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f39\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u73b0\u9648\u5217\u4e8e\u67cf\u6797\u535a\u7269\u9986\u7684\u5315\u9996\u5c31\u662f\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4e00\u4f8b\u3002\u5315\u9996\u7684\u5f39\u6027\u3001\u6d01\u51c0\u5ea6\u548c\u7cbe\u52a0\u5de5\u7a0b\u5ea6\u975e\u540c\u5bfb\u5e38\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u843d\u9648\u5217\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5404\u535a\u7269\u9986\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5176\u9521\u542b\u91cf\u572810\u81f320\uff0c\u800c\u94dc\u542b\u91cf\u572880\u523090\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u91d1\u5c5e\u5ef6\u5c55\u6027\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u4ece\u5236\u9020\u91d1\u5c5e\u7f51\u7ebf\u65f6\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u6dcb\u6f13\u5c3d\u81f4\u3002\u91d1\u5c5e\u62c9\u4e1d\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u4e86\u91d1\u3001\u94f6\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ec4\u94dc\u548c\u94c1\u7b49\u5ef6\u5c55\u6027\u5f3a\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u3002\u91d1\u4e1d\u7ebf\u5c31\u662f\u62c9\u4e1d\u800c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6376\u6253\u75d5\u8ff9\u3002\u4ece<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%B9%E6%91%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96\">\u56fe\u7279\u6469\u65af<\/a>\u4e09\u4e16\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d1490\u5e74\u2013\u524d1436\u5e74\uff09\u5893\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u94f6\u4e1d\u7ebf\uff0c\u800c\u91d1\u4e1d\u7ebf\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u7f20\u5728\u523b\u6709\u5965\u585e\u5854\u68ee\u4e00\u4e16\uff08Osirtasen I\uff09 \u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5706\u73af\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u751f\u6d3b\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%B9%E6%91%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96\">\u56fe\u7279\u6469\u65af<\/a>\u4e09\u4e16\u524d600\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u5236\u4f5c\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e1d\u7ebf\u7684\u6280\u827a\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u7089\u706b\u7eaf\u9752\u7684\u5730\u6b65\u3002\u4e1d\u7ebf\u7ec6\u5f97\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ec7\u6210\u91d1\u7f15\u8863\u6599\u548c\u88c5\u9970\u4e4b\u7528\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cbe\u81f4\u7684\u963f\u739b\u897f\u65af\u4e9a\u9ebb\u5e03\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u7528\u91d1\u7ebf\u7ed8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u52a8\u7269\u56fe\u6848\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u6709\u7ec6\u817b\u7cbe\u6e5b\u7684\u5de5\u827a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u5236\u9020\u79d1\u6280\u95fb\u540d\u9050\u8fe9\u800c\u81f3\u81fb\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5927\u6279\u91cf\u751f\u4ea7\u5404\u79cd\u91d1\u5c5e\u5408\u91d1\u3002 \u4e0b\u9762\u51e0\u4f8b\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>2. \u91d1\u94f6\u5236\u54c1<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u5229\u7528\u5728\u57c3\u53ca\u5f00\u91c7\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u57c3\u53ca\u672a\u66fe\u53d1\u73b0\u800c\u4ece\u4f0a\u6bd4\u5229\u4e9a\u534a\u5c9b\u8fdb\u53e3\u7684\u94f6\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5355\u72ec\u7528\u94f6\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u91d1\u94f6\u5408\u91d1\u3002\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5c3c\u7279\u9c81\uff08\u795e\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u5b87\u5b99\u80fd\u91cf\u6e90\u7684<em>\u94f6\u91d1<\/em>\u77ff\u6240\u9020\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5236\u4f5c\u8bf8\u5982\u96d5\u50cf\u3001\u62a4\u8eab\u7b26\u7b49\u5b97\u6559\u7269\u54c1\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5408\u91d1\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u5236\u4f5c\u4e2a\u4eba\u9970\u54c1\u548c\u8d4f\u74f6\u3002\u9ec4\u91d1\u4e0e\u767d\u94f6\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e00\u822c\u4e3a2\u6bd43\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%B9%E6%91%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96\">\u56fe\u7279\u6469\u65af<\/a>\u4e09\u4e16\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d1490\u5e74-\u524d1436\u5e74\uff09\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u7eb8\u838e\u8349\u6587\u732e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u5b98\u5458\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u201c\u5927\u5806\u201d\u94f6\u91d1\u77ff\uff0c\u91cd\u8fbe36,392 uten\uff0c\u53737,286\u78c5\uff083311. 672\u5343\u514b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u91d1\u548c\u94f6\u4e5f\u50cf\u94dc\u4e00\u6837\u94f8\u6210\u5c0f\u96d5\u50cf\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u91d1\u5c5e\u5236\u6210\u7684\u5b9e\u5fc3\u73e0\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u81f3\u5c11\u67096,000\u5e74\u7684\u5c81\u6708\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u738b\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u8d1d\u5c3c\u00b7\u54c8\u6851\uff08Beni Hassan\uff09\u9675\u5893\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u573a\u9762\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u91d1\u5320\u8d38\u6613\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6982\u51b5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5893\u846c\u4e2d\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6d17\u77ff\u3001\u501f\u52a9\u5439\u7ba1\u7194\u70bc\u91d1\u5c5e\u3001\u7528\u4e8e\u88c5\u9970\u6210\u578b\u3001\u79f0\u91cd\u3001\u76d8\u70b9\u5b58\u8d27\u7b49\u91d1\u5320\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0d\u94f8\u6210\u91d1\u952d\u65f6\uff0c\u91d1\u5b50\u5c31\u88ab\u9524\u581e\u6210\u539a\u5ea6\u5747\u5300\u7684\u7b94\u7247\u3002\u91d1\u7b94\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u88c5\u9970\u6728\u5236\u5bb6\u5177\u3002\u8f83\u539a\u7684\u91d1\u7b94\u88ab\u76f4\u63a5\u9524\u581e\u5728\u6728\u5934\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u5c0f\u91d1\u94c6\u9489\u56fa\u5b9a\u3002\u8f83\u8584\u7684\u91d1\u7b94\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u80f6\u7c7b\u7684\u7c98\u5408\u5242\u7c98\u8d34\u5728\u77f3\u818f\u57fa\u6750\u4e0a\u3002\u975e\u5e38\u7ec6\u7684\u7b94\u7247\u53ef\u8986\u5728\u96d5\u50cf\u3001\u6728\u4e43\u4f0a\u9762\u5177\u3001\u68fa\u6728\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u5916\u9762\u3002\u5b83\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u77f3\u818f\u5c42\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u57c3\u53ca\u5de5\u5320\u4f7f\u7528\u4f55\u79cd\u7c98\u5408\u5242\u5c1a\u4e0d\u660e\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u578b\u6750\u6599\u7684\u52a0\u5de5\u80fd\u529b\u5728300\u78c5\uff08136\u516c\u65a4\uff09\u7684\u56fe\u5766\u5361\u8499\uff08Tantankhamen\uff09\u91d1\u68fa\u6750\u4e0a\u5c55\u9732\u65e0\u9057\uff0c\u5b83\u73b0\u9648\u5217\u4e8e\u5f00\u7f57\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>3. \u94dc\u5668<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u53e4\u4ee3\u57c3\u53ca\u7f3a\u4e4f\u751f\u4ea7\u94dc\u548c\u94dc\u5408\u91d1\uff08\u94dc\u3001\u7837\u548c\u9521\uff09\u7684\u77ff\u4ea7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u56fd\u5916\u83b7\u5f97\u3002\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u57285000\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6b64\u7c7b\u5408\u91d1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57c3\u53ca\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u94dc\u901a\u8fc7\u6dfb\u52a0\u7837\u6765\u786c\u5316\u3002\u94dc\u5408\u91d1\u4e2d\u7837\u542b\u91cf\u968f\u7528\u9014\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6210\u4efd\u53d8\u5316\u6709\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\u5315\u9996\u548c\u621f\u6709\u950b\u5229\u7684\u5207\u524a\u8fb9\u7f18\uff0c\u542b\u67094%\u7684\u7837\u5316\u94dc\uff0c\u800c\u65a7\u5b50\u548c\u7bad\u5934\u7684\u7837\u5316\u94dc\u542b\u91cf\u4e3a2\uff05\u3002\u7837\u5316\u94dc\u4ece\u524d\u738b\u671d\u65f6\u671f\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d5000\u5e74\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u5e76\u4e00\u76f4\u5ef6\u7eed\u5230\u4e2d\u738b\u56fd\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d2040\u5e74-\u524d1783\u5e74\uff09\u65f6\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u77f3\uff08\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5df4\u52d2\u83ab\u77f3\u201d\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u9648\u5217\u5728\u5df4\u52d2\u83ab\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff09\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u738b\u671d\u65f6\u671f\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d2890\u5e74-\u524d2649\u5e74\uff09\u7684\u5361\u585e\u51ef\u59c6\u5a01\uff08Khasekhemw\uff09\u94dc\u50cf\u7684\u5236\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5e78\u5b58\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u96d5\u5851\u662f\u4f69\u76ae\u4e00\u4e16\u94dc\u50cf\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d2289\u5e74-\u524d2255\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u9648\u5217\u4e8e\u5f00\u7f57\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3002\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u57c3\u53ca\u6240\u6709\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u73cd\u8d35\u5c5e\u6027\u6070\u6070\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u5176\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7a00\u6709\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u91d1\u5c5e\u88ab\u878d\u5316\u5e76\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u5236\u5907\u7837\u5316\u94dc\u5916\uff0c\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u8fd8\u5236\u9020\u9752\u94dc\u5236\u54c1\u3002\u628a\u5c11\u91cf\u9521\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u94dc\u4e2d\u5236\u6210\u9752\u94dc\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u7194\u70b9\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u786c\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u94f8\u9020\u3002\u9521\u542b\u91cf\u57280.1%\u301c10%\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ce2\u52a8\u751a\u81f3\u53d8\u5316\u66f4\u5927\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u5f88\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u9752\u94dc\u5668\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u5e26\u6709\u4f69\u76ae\u4e00\u4e16\u540d\u5b57\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d2289\u5e74-\u524d2255\u5e74\uff09\u7684\u5706\u7b52\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u9752\u94dc\u5668\u4e00\u6837\u6709\u6e05\u6670\u8f6e\u5ed3\u7ebf\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u9752\u94dc\u5668\u7684\u94f8\u9020\u65f6\u95f4\u65e9\u4e8e\u516c\u5143\u524d2200\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9752\u94dc\u5de5\u4e1a\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5728\u57c3\u53ca\uff0c\u9752\u94dc\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u8239\u53ea\u4ee5\u53ca\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6b66\u5668\u3002\u53e4\u738b\u56fd\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d2575\u5e74-\u524d2150\u5e74\uff09\u65f6\u671f\u5f80\u540e\u5404\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u90fd\u6709\u4f17\u591a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u9752\u94dc\u5668\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u73b0\u5728\u9648\u5217\u4e8e\u5df4\u9ece\u5362\u6d6e\u5bab\u7684\u6ce2\u65af\u8bfa\u6536\u85cf\uff08Posno Collection\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u5f62\u5f62\u8272\u8272\u7684\u949f\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u90fd\u5c0f\u5fc3\u7ffc\u7ffc\u5730\u5305\u5728\u5e03\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u653e\u5728\u5893\u4e2d\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u949f\u88ab\u9648\u5217\u5728\u5f00\u7f57\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u949f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u4efd\u662f\u9752\u94dc\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5076\u5c14\u4e5f\u6709\u91d1\u6216\u94f6\u5236\u7684\u3002\u5f62\u5f0f\u5404\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u4f17\u591a\u7c7b\u578b\u4e2d\u6709\u5587\u53ed\u53e3\u578b\u7684\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u82b1\u843c\u3002\u5927\u91cf\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u9752\u94dc\u949f\u6a21\u5177\uff08\u73b0\u5728\u5728\u5f00\u7f57\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0ccat. #32315 a\uff0cb\uff09\u6210\u4e3a\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u91d1\u5c5e\u94f8\u9020\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6709\u529b\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5177\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u770b\u5230\u6db2\u6001\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u6d47\u6ce8\u53e3\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u5178\u578b\u9752\u94dc\u949f\u8fdb\u884c\u5316\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u94dc\u536082.4%\uff0c\u952116.4%\uff0c\u94c51.2%\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u9752\u94dc\u5408\u91d1\uff0c\u4ece\u65b0\u738b\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u7ecf\u5e38\u63d0\u5230\u201c\u9ed1\u9752\u94dc\u201d\u548c\u201c\u516d\u5408\u94dc\u201d\u5373\u516d\u5408\u91d1\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\u5f62\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u989c\u8272\u3002\u9ec4\u94dc\u662f\u950c\u548c\u94dc\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002\u767d\u8272\uff08\u548c\u66f4\u7ec6\uff09\u94dc\u6df7\u5408\u4e86\u94f6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u4f5c\u955c\u5b50\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u79d1\u6797\u65af\u9ec4\u94dc\u201d\u3002\u5728\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u94dc\u5c31\u5448\u73b0\u9ec4\u8272\u8fd1\u4e4e\u91d1\u8272\u7684\u5916\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bb8\u591a\u5bb6\u7528\u5668\u7269\u90fd\u4ee5\u94dc\u4f5c\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5982\u94dc\u9505\u3001\u94dc\u6c34\u58f6\u3001\u94dc\u76c6\u548c\u94dc\u52fa\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6b66\u5668\u4e5f\u662f\u94dc\u5236\u2014\u5315\u9996\u3001\u5251\u3001\u957f\u77db\u3001\u65a7\u5934\u4ee5\u53ca\u6218\u65a7\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u738b\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5706\u5f62\u548c\u534a\u5706\u5f62\u6218\u65a7\u6570\u91cf\u7e41\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u738b\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d2040\u5e74-\u524d1783\u5e74\uff09\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u2014\u5982\u8d1d\u5c3c\u00b7\u54c8\u6851\u9675\u5893\u4e2d\u6240\u63cf\u7ed8\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6837\u7684\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u9762\u6240\u7ed8\u7684\u76fe\u724c\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u56fa\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/66043\/2017\/11\/aecr-ch14-1.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u65b0\u738b\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d1550\u5e74-\u524d1070\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8fb9\u5883\u800c\u5f81\u52df\u4e86\u5927\u6279\u519b\u4eba\u3002\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u62db\u52df\u96c7\u4f63\u5175\u4f5c\u6218\uff0c\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u5219\u5236\u9020\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u6218\u6597\u88c5\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/66043\/2017\/11\/aecr-ch14-2.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c18\u738b\u671d\u65f6\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d1575\u5e74-\u524d1335\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7e41\u8363\u3001\u7965\u548c\u7684\u57c3\u53ca\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u7269\u54c1\u3002\u4e0e\u4ea7\u54c1\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u76f8\u547c\u5e94\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u91c7\u77ff\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u7e41\u5fd9\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4f0a\u6bd4\u5229\u4e9a\u9675\u5893\u4e2d\u57c3\u53ca\u94dc\u5668\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u7ed3\u5c3e\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>5000\u591a\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u5bf9\u4e8e\u94dc\u3001\u7837\u548c\u9521\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u91cf\u5f88\u5927\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u77ff\u77f3\u662f\u4ece\u53e4\u4ee3\u552f\u4e00\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u4f0a\u6bd4\u5229\u4e9a\u6765\u6e90\u8fdb\u53e3\u7684\u3002\u8003\u53e4\u8bb0\u5f55\u663e\u793a\u4eba\u4eec\u65e9\u671f\u5bf9\u4f0a\u6bd4\u5229\u4e9a\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u94dc\u77ff\u548c\u7837\u77ff\u8d44\u6e90\u5f00\u53d1\u5229\u7528\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u9521\u77ff\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u6cbf\u7740\u4f0a\u6bd4\u5229\u4e9a\u534a\u5c9b\u897f\u6d77\u5cb8\u7684\u201c\u9521\u77ff\u4e4b\u8def\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u9521\u6765\u81ea\u52a0\u5229\u897f\u4e9a\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u6709\u5eb7\u6c83\u5c14\u90e1\u3002\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u6ce2\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u300a<em>\u5730\u7406<\/em>\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u5377\u4e2d\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em><strong>&#8230; &#8230;<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u53ef\u4ee5<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u6316<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u5230\u9521<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\uff1b<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u800c\u4e14<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\uff0c<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u5728<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u5362\u897f\u5854\u5c3c\u4e9a<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\uff08Lusitania<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u4ee5<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u8fdc\u86ee\u65cf\u5c45\u4f4f\u5730\u533a\u548c\u5361\u897f\u7279\u91cc\u5fb7\u65af\u7fa4\u5c9b<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\uff0c<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u90fd\u51fa\u4ea7\u9521<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\uff1b<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u800c\u4e14<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\uff0c<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u8fd8\u6709\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u8bf8\u5c9b\u51fa\u4ea7\u7684\u9521\u8fd0\u5f80\u9a6c\u897f\u5229\u4e9a\u3002<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u5173\u4ece\u4e1c\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5730\u533a\uff08\u5373\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\uff09\u4e00\u8def\u6cbf\u201c\u9521\u77ff\u4e4b\u8def\u201d\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u5f80\u6765\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u5728\u83ab\u65af\u5854\u4f10\u2022\u845b\u8fbe\u62c9\u7684\u4e66\u201c<em>Roman\u00ed egipcio: la esencia de Hispania<\/em><em>&quot;<\/em><em>\u4e2d<\/em>\u6709\u8bb0\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>4. \u73bb\u7483\u91c9\u5236\u54c1\uff08\u73bb\u7483\u9576\u5d4c\u5de5\u827a\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u65e9\u5728\u524d\u738b\u671d\u65f6\u671f\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d5000\u5e74\uff09\u5c31\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u5404\u79cd\u7433\u7405\u6ee1\u76ee\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u91c9\u5236\u54c1\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u91c9\u5236\u54c1\u591a\u4e3a\u4e32\u73e0\uff0c\u7528\u77f3\u82f1\u6216\u7682\u77f3\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u7682\u77f3\u7528\u4e8e\u96d5\u523b\u8bf8\u5982\u62a4\u8eab\u7b26\u3001\u540a\u5760\u548c\u5c3c\u7279\u9c81\uff08\u795e\uff09\u5c0f\u50cf\u7b49\u5c0f\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u73bb\u7483\u91c9\u7406\u60f3\u57fa\u5e95\u3002\u91c9\u9762\u7682\u77f3\u5668\u7269\u8d2f\u7a7f\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u738b\u671d\u65f6\u671f\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d3050-\u524d343\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u91c9\u9762\u7682\u77f3\u662f\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5723\u7532\u866b\u7528\u6599\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e0a\u91c9\u5de5\u827a\u8fd8\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u751f\u4ea7\u6ba1\u846c\u5668\u7269\uff08\u62a4\u8eab\u7b26\u3001\u820d\u535c\u63d0\u50cf\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u623f\u5c4b\u88c5\u9970\uff08\u74f7\u7816\u3001\u5d4c\u82b1\u6837\u5f0f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u4e0a\u91c9\u5236\u54c1\u54c1\u79cd\u7e41\u591a\u3001\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0a\u4e58\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u51b6\u91d1\u77e5\u8bc6\u535a\u5927\u7cbe\u6df1\u3002\u57c3\u53ca\u91c9\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u989c\u8272\u662f\u84dd\u3001\u7eff\u6216\u7eff\u4e2d\u6cdb\u84dd\u8272\u3002\u989c\u8272\u662f\u52a0\u5165\u94dc\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u7f18\u6545\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u94dc\u548c\u94f6\u6df7\u5408\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u9526\u4e0a\u6dfb\u82b1\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u731b\u706b\u52a0\u70ed\u77f3\u82f1\u7802\u548c\u6ce1\u78b1\uff0c\u52a0\u5c11\u91cf\u7740\u8272\u5242\u5982\u94dc\u5316\u5408\u7269\u6216\u5b54\u96c0\u77f3\u6df7\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u84dd\u7eff\u8272\u73bb\u7483\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u5229\u7528\u8fdb\u53e3\u7684\u94b4\u6599\u3002\u5404\u79cd\u914d\u6599\u7194\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u7269\u6599\u8fbe\u5230\u6240\u9700\u6027\u80fd\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\u52a0\u70ed\u3002\u5f85\u7269\u6599\u7a0d\u51b7\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5012\u5165\u6a21\u5177\u4e2d\uff0c\u6eda\u8f67\u6210\u7ec6\u68d2\u6216\u6746\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73bb\u7483\u5439\u5236\u5de5\u827a\u5728\u585e\u52a0\u62c9\u7684\u7f07\uff08Ti\uff09\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d2465\u5e74-\u524d2323\u5e74\uff09\u5893\u3001\u8d1d\u5c3c\u00b7\u54c8\u6851\uff08\u56db\u5343\u591a\u5e74\u524d\uff09\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5893\u846c\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/66043\/2017\/11\/aecr-ch14-3.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u91c9\u6599\u914d\u6599\u7194\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u73bb\u7483\u76f8\u540c\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u5236\u4f5c\u73bb\u7483\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u65e9\u3002\u5149\u4eae\u786c\u91c9\u4e0e\u73bb\u7483\u540c\u8d28\u3002\u5236\u9020\u73bb\u7483\u5668\u76bf\u5de5\u827a\u662f\u5236\u91c9\u5de5\u827a\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57c3\u53ca\u73bb\u7483\u74f6\u5f62\u8c61\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u738b\u671d\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d2575\u5e74-\u524d2465\u5e74\uff09\u7684\u77f3\u7891\u4e0a\u3002\u57c3\u53ca\u8272\u5f69\u6591\u6593\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u74f6\u51fa\u53e3\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5982\u5e0c\u814a\u3001\u4f0a\u7279\u9c81\u91cc\u4e9a\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7b49\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u5728\u73bb\u7483\u67d3\u8272\u5de5\u827a\u4e2d\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u6750\u6599\u6027\u8d28\u9a7e\u8f7b\u5c31\u719f\uff0c\u5362\u514b\u7d22\uff08\u5e95\u6bd4\u65af\uff09\u5893\u846c\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u788e\u7247\u5c31\u662f\u660e\u8bc1\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5982\u6b64\u590d\u6742\u5de5\u827a\u4e2d\u5c55\u9732\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4f7f\u73bb\u7483\u6563\u53d1\u51fa\u582a\u6bd4\u5b9d\u77f3\u7684\u5149\u8f89\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eff\u5236\u73cd\u73e0\u4eff\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u4e4b\u9ad8\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u73b0\u5728\u9ad8\u500d\u955c\u5934\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u73cd\u73e0\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u666e\u6797\u5c3c\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4eff\u5236\u6c34\u5e73\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u767b\u5cf0\u9020\u6781\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em><strong>\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9d\u77f3\u771f\u5047\u96be\u8fa8<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u3002<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51c6\u5b9d\u77f3\u7684\u8272\u8c31\u4ee4\u4eba\u7740\u8ff7\u2014\u4ece\u6e05\u6f88\u7684\u9752\u91d1\u77f3\u84dd\u5230\u7eda\u4e3d\u7684\u7eff\u677e\u77f3\u84dd\u518d\u5230\u7ea2\u7389\u9ad3\u7684\u6591\u70b9\u91d1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u662f\u57c3\u53ca\u73e0\u5b9d\u5de5\u827a\u4e2d\u6700\u5177\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u5b9d\u77f3\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u739b\u7459\u3001\u7d2b\u6c34\u6676\u548c\u8d64\u94c1\u77ff\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u5c31\u662f\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u5de5\u5320\u8fd0\u7528\u73d0\u7405\u5de5\u827a\u521b\u9020\u7684\u5947\u8ff9\uff0c\u7528\u8c61\u5f62\u6587\u5b57\u6216\u96d5\u523b\u88c5\u9970\u7684\u5927\u724c\u533e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73bb\u7483\u9576\u5d4c\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u5206\u5236\u6210\uff0c\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u5206\u5f00\u5236\u4f5c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7528\u52a0\u70ed\u7684\u7194\u5242\u7c98\u5408\u3002\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u73bb\u7483\u9576\u5d4c\u8272\u5f69\u4eae\u4e3d\u3001\u7f8e\u4ed1\u7f8e\u5942\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73bb\u7483\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u901a\u5e38\u79f0\u4e3a\u57c3\u53ca\u6390\u4e1d\u73d0\u7405\u5f69\u7ed8\u5de5\u827a\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9576\u5d4c\u5de5\u827a\uff0c\u91d1\u5c5e\u6390\u4e1d\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u9576\u5d4c\u73bb\u7483\u3001\u5f69\u74f7\u6216\u5b9d\u77f3\u7b49\uff0c\u7528\u7c98\u5408\u5242\u56fa\u5b9a\u3002\u8be5\u5de5\u827a\u5c06\u7c89\u672b\u72b6\u73bb\u7483\u586b\u4e8e\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u52a0\u70ed\u7194\u5316\u7c89\u672b\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u878d\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u91c9\u9762\u74f7\u3001\u74f7\u7816\u7b49\u9676\u74f7\u662f\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4ea7\u4e1a\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u74f7\u7816\u4e3a\u9ad8\u91c9\u548c\u6df1\u84dd\u8272\u56fe\u6848\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u751f\u4ea7\u6709\u91d1\u5c5e\u8272\u6cfd\u7684\u9676\u74f7\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-338 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/66043\/2017\/11\/aecr-ch14-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"131\" height=\"132\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u4e00\u53ea\u7cbe\u81f4\u7684\u73d0\u7405\u74f7\u7897\uff0c\u73b0\u85cf\u4e8e\u67cf\u6797\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0c\u5e26\u4e09\u9c7c\u4e00\u5934\u548c\u4e09\u6735\u83b2\u82b1\u7eb9\u9970<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e9b\u74f7\u7816\u4e0a\u7684\u6d82\u6599\u662f\u5c06\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\uff08\u94dc\u3001\u9530\u3001\u94b4\u7b49\uff09\u548c\u78b1\u6027\u7845\u9178\u76d0\u4e0e\u6c34\u6df7\u5408\u800c\u6210\u3002\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u91c9\u9762\u7816\u53d1\u73b0\u4e8e\u5927\u7ea64500\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u585e\u52a0\u62c9\u30021924 &#8211; 26\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u585e\u52a0\u62c9\u8ddd\u79bb\u9636\u68af\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u53ea\u6709700\u82f1\u5c3a\uff08300\u7c73\uff09\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u52b3\u5c14\u548c\u5f17\u65af\u53d1\u73b0\u201c\u5357\u65b9\u5893\u846c\u201d\u3002\u5893\u846c\u6709\u51e0\u4ef6\u5893\u5ba4\u4e2d\u9970\u6709\u84dd\u8272\u74f7\u7816\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u9636\u68af\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u91cc\u5893\u5ba4\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>5. \u94c1\u5668<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u5efa\u4e8e\u201c\u9752\u94dc\u5668\u65f6\u4ee3\u201d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u5374\u77e5\u9053\u9668\u94c1\u3002\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u94c1\u53eb\u505abja\uff0c\u5728\u585e\u52a0\u62c9\u4e00\u5e26\uff08\u5927\u7ea64,500\u5e74\u524d\uff09\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u4e4c\u7eb3\u65af\u846c\u793c\u6587\uff08\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\uff09\u4e2d\u88ab\u53cd\u590d\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u4e0e\u661f\u661f\u4e4b\u738b\u4eec\u7684\u201c<em>\u9aa8\u5934<\/em>\u201d\u6709\u5173\uff0c<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em><strong>\u6211\u662f\u7eaf\u6d01\u7684<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\uff0c<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u6211\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u94c1<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\uff08bja<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u9aa8\u5e26<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u5728<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u8eab\u4e0a<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\uff0c<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u4f38\u51fa\u6211\u4e0d<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u673d<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u7684\u56db\u80a2<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\uff0c<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u52aa\u7279<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\uff08<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>Tuerca<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u7684\u5b50\u5bab\u91cc<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u2026 [UFT 530]<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em><strong>\u6211\u7684\u9aa8\u5934\u662f\u94c1<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\uff08bja<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\uff09\uff0c<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u6211\u7684\u56db\u80a2\u662f\u4e0d<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u706d<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u7684\u661f\u661f\u3002 [UFT 1454]<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em><strong>[UFT 2051]<\/strong><\/em> <em><strong>\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u9aa8\u5934\u662f\u94c1<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\uff08bja<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\uff09\uff0c<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u4ed6\u7684\u56db\u80a2\u662f\u4e0d<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u706d<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u7684\u661f\u661f<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u2026 \u2026[UFT 2051]<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u94c1\uff0c\u5728\u57c3\u53ca\u6c99\u6f20\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u94c1\u77ff\u3002\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u63d0\u5230\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u5efa\u9020\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u94c1\u5236\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u88ab19\u4e16\u7eaa\u57c3\u53ca\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u65b9\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u5efa\u7b51\u4e2d\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u94c1\u5668\u6240\u8bc1\u5b9e\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5362\u514b\u7d22\uff08\u5e95\u6bd4\u65af\uff09\u7684\u9057\u8ff9\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7ea6\u56db\u5343\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u5b5f\u83f2\u65af\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u5893\u846c\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u5c60\u592b\u5728\u7cfb\u5728\u56f4\u88d9\u4e0a\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u68d2\u4e0a\u78e8\u5200\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4ece\u5b83\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u5e7d\u5e7d\u84dd\u8272\u770b\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u94a2\u94c1\u3002\u62c9\u7f8e\u897f\u65af\u4e09\u4e16\u9675\u5893\u4e2d\u533a\u5206\u9752\u94dc\u548c\u94c1\u5236\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u753b\u6210\u7ea2\u8272\u7684\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u753b\u6210\u84dd\u8272\uff0c\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8377\u9a6c\u5728\u300a<em>\u4f0a\u5229\u4e9a\u7279<\/em>\u300b\uff08xxiii, 261\uff09\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u94c1\u77ff\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u70bd\u70ed\u7684\u7ea2\u8272\u91d1\u5c5e\u6d78\u5165\u6c34\u4e2d\u65f6\u53d1\u51fa\u5636\u5636\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5bf9\u201c\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u201d\uff08\u94dc\u3001\u9752\u94dc\u3001\u94c1\u7b49\uff09\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u6b66\u65ad\u65ad\u8a00\u6beb\u65e0\u6839\u636e\u3002\u5404\u56fd\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5251\u3001\u5315\u9996\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u6b66\u5668\u548c\u76d4\u7532\u7b49\u9752\u94dc\u5668\uff0c\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u540e\u94c1\u624d\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u50b2\u6162\u5730\u5426\u5b9a\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u5bf9\u94c1\u5668\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5c31\u56e0\u4e3a\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u4ece\u672a\u653e\u5f03\u4f7f\u7528\u9752\u94dc\u5668\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u8005\u5374\u4ece\u672a\u56e0\u4e3a\u53d1\u73b0\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u548c\u7f57\u9a6c\u4f7f\u7528\u9752\u94dc\u6b66\u5668\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u5c31\u5ba3\u79f0\u8fc7\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u548c\u7f57\u9a6c<em>\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3<\/em>\u94c1\u5668\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u968f\u610f\u6f20\u89c6\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u5bf9\u94c1\u5668\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u5236\u9020\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>6. \u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u7684\u91c7\u77ff\u7ecf\u9a8c<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u4f20\u627f\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u6587\u660e\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u4e66\u9762\u8bb0\u8f7d\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u52d8\u63a2\u548c\u91c7\u77ff\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5b58\u7559\u7684\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u8bb0\u8f7d\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u57285000\u591a\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u57c3\u53ca\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u6709\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u91c7\u77ff\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f4d\u4e8e\u897f\u5948\u534a\u5c9b\u7684\u6c99\u62c9\u522b\u827e\u5361\u952d\uff08Serabit el Khadem\uff09\u7eff\u677e\u77f3\u77ff\u573a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u91c7\u77ff\u573a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6d1e\u7a74\u3001\u5e26\u62d0\u89d2\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u5782\u76f4\u901a\u9053\u2014\u548c\u6240\u6709\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u91c7\u77f3\u573a\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u7528\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u652f\u67f1\u652f\u6491\u6316\u6398\u7684\u4e95\u548c\u96a7\u9053\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6df1\u5165\u5c71\u4f53\u3002\u6e17\u5165\u96a7\u9053\u548c\u4e95\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u88ab\u5b89\u5168\u62bd\u5230\u5730\u9762\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u57c3\u53ca\u6cf5\u4e16\u754c\u95fb\u540d\uff0c\u8fd8\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u4f0a\u6bd4\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u91c7\u77ff\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u6ce2\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u300a<em>\u5730\u7406<\/em>\u300b\uff083.2.9\uff09\u4e2d\u6240\u8bb2\u8ff0\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em><strong>\u6ce2\u585e\u591a\u5c3c\u5965\u65af<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\uff08Poseidonius<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u540c\u6837\u8d5e\u626c\u4e86<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u56fe\u5c14\u5fb7\u5854\u5c3c\u4e9a\uff08<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5357\u90e8<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u77ff<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u5de5<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u7684<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u70ed\u60c5\u548c\u8f9b\u52b3<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\uff0c<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u6316\u6398\u7684\u77ff\u4e95\u503e\u659c\u800c\u6df1\uff0c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u81f3\u4e8e\u79ef\u6c34\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u77ff\u4e95\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u79ef\u6c34\u5e38\u5e38\u7528<\/span><\/strong><\/em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em><strong>\u57c3\u53ca<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u87ba\u65cb\u62bd\u6c34\u673a\u628a<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u5b83<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u4eec\u62bd\u51fa\u53bb<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u3002<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u7b03\u4fe1\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u603b\u662f\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u91c7\u77ff\u70b9\u53ca\u9644\u8fd1\u5efa\u5bfa\u5e99\/\u795e\u793e\u548c\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u3002\u5728\u57c3\u53ca\u5883\u5916\u7684\u91c7\u77ff\u573a\u4e5f\u5982\u6cd5\u70ae\u5236\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u4f0a\u6bd4\u5229\u4e9a\u534a\u5c9b\uff0c\u4ece\u53e4\u4ee5\u6765\u5c31\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5f00\u91c7\u94f6\u3001\u94dc\u7b49\u77ff\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u897f\u5948\u6c99\u62c9\u522b\u827e\u5361\u952d\u7684\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u91c7\u77ff\u573a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u91c7\u77ff\u573a\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c<em>\u7eff\u677e\u77f3\u4e4b\u5973<\/em>\u201d\u7684\u54c8\u6258\u5c14\u795e\u5e99\uff0c\u4ece\u7b2c\u56db\u738b\u671d\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d2575\u5e74-\u524d2465\u5e74\uff09\u6216\u66f4\u65e9\u4ee5\u6765\u5c31\u5750\u843d\u5728\u8c37\u5730\u4e0a\u5ca9\u77f3\u9ad8\u53f0\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u5ea7\u5bfa\u5e99\u540e\u6765\u5728\u65b0\u738b\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u56fe\u7279\u6469\u65af\u4e09\u4e16\u5728\u4f4d\u65f6\u66fe\u6269\u5efa\u8fc7\u3002\u5bfa\u5e99\u524d\u9762\u81f3\u5c11\u534a\u82f1\u91cc\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u6761\u5927\u578b\u77f3\u7891\u6797\u7acb\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u77f3\u7891\u56db\u9762\u90fd\u523b\u6709\u7eaa\u5ff5\u91c7\u77ff\u8003\u5bdf\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bb2\u8ff0\u77ff\u573a\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u523b\u5b57\u77f3\u7891\u5728\u57c3\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u77ff\u573a\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c1\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u897f\u5948\u534a\u5c9b\u74e6\u8fea\u00b7\u9a6c\u683c\u54c8\u62c9\uff08Wadi Maghara\uff09\u77ff\u5c71\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u7559\u5b58\u6709\u5de5\u5320\u4f4f\u7684\u77f3\u5c4b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0f\u5821\u5792\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f4f\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u4e0d\u53d7\u897f\u5948\u8d1d\u90fd\u56e0\u4eba\u7684\u88ad\u51fb\u3002\u79bb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77ff\u5c71\u4e0d\u8fdc\u6709\u4e00\u53e3\u6c34\u4e95\uff0c\u57ce\u5821\u91cc\u6709\u5927\u6c34\u6c60\u84c4\u6c34\u3002\u74e6\u8fea\u2022\u9a6c\u683c\u54c8\u62c9\u77ff\u5c71\u91c7\u77ff\u6d3b\u52a8\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u738b\u671d\u65f6\u4ee3\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d3050\u5e74-\u524d343\u5e74\uff09\u90fd\u5f88\u6d3b\u8dc3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96f7\u5fb7\u897f\u57c3\uff08Redesieh\uff09\u6c99\u6f20\u795e\u5e99\u7684\u5341\u4e5d\u738b\u671d\u5b57\u523b\u53d9\u8ff0\u56fd\u738b\u585e\u63d0\u4e00\u4e16\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d1333\u5e74-\u524d1304\u5e74\uff09\u4ee4\u77f3\u5320\u6316\u4e95\uff0c\u4e3a\u91c7\u77ff\u4f5c\u4e1a\u548c\u91c7\u77ff\u5de5\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u6c34\u6e90\u3002\u5f53\u4e95\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u5ea7\u9a7f\u7ad9\u548c\u201c\u4e00\u5ea7\u6709\u5bfa\u5e99\u7684\u57ce\u9547\u201d\u3002 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