{"id":46955,"date":"2019-04-14T13:23:26","date_gmt":"2019-04-14T17:23:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/the-egyptian-alphabetical-form-of-writing\/"},"modified":"2022-12-29T13:04:49","modified_gmt":"2022-12-29T18:04:49","slug":"the-egyptian-alphabetical-form-of-writing","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/fr\/the-egyptian-alphabetical-form-of-writing\/","title":{"rendered":"Lekhan Kee Misr Kee Varnamaala Phaarm"},"content":{"rendered":"<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> [anuvaad lambit hai]<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">[Devanaagaree mein upalabdh hai : \u092e\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0930\u0940-\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928-\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930.\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924]<\/span><\/h5>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">La forme alphab\u00e9tique \u00e9gyptienne de l\u2019\u00e9criture<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>1. \u00c2ge lointain des alphabets \u00e9gyptiens <\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>La plupart des \u00e9rudits occidentaux modernes affirment, explicitement et implicitement, que l\u2019alphabet (et la langue) de l\u2019\u00c9gypte ancienne est la source la plus ancienne au monde. Dans son livre <em>La litt\u00e9rature des anciens Egyptiens <\/em>[page xxxiv-v], l&#039;\u00e9gyptologue allemand Adolf Erman admet :<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>&#8220;<strong>Les \u00c9gyptiens \u00e9taient seuls destin\u00e9s \u00e0 adopter une m\u00e9thode remarquable, \u00e0 la suite de laquelle ils parvinrent \u00e0 la plus haute forme d&#039;\u00e9criture, l&#039;alphabet. . .\u00bb<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>L&#039;\u00e9gyptologue britannique WM Flinders Petrie, dans son livre <em>La formation des alphabets<\/em> [page 3], concluait :<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><em>\u00ab D\u00e8s le d\u00e9but des \u00e2ges pr\u00e9historiques, un syst\u00e8me cursif compos\u00e9 de signes lin\u00e9aires, plein de vari\u00e9t\u00e9 et de distinction, \u00e9tait certainement utilis\u00e9 en Egypte. \u00bb<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>L&#039;autorit\u00e9 la plus \u00e9minente en mati\u00e8re de langues, Isaac Taylor, dans son livre <em>Histoire des alphabets,<\/em> Tome 1, page 62 :<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><em>\u00ab La date extr\u00eamement ancienne \u00e0 laquelle des symboles de nature alphab\u00e9tique se trouvent sur les monuments \u00e9gyptiens est un fait d\u2019un grand int\u00e9r\u00eat et d\u2019une grande importance. Elle est d&#039;un grand int\u00e9r\u00eat, dans la mesure o\u00f9 elle constitue le point de d\u00e9part de l&#039;histoire de l&#039;Alphabet, \u00e9tablissant la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 litt\u00e9rale de l&#039;affirmation selon laquelle <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">les lettres de l\u2019alphabet sont plus anciennes que les pyramides \u2013 probablement plus anciennes que tout autre monument existant de la civilisation humaine.<\/span>&#8221; <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Isaac Taylor, dans son livre <em>Histoire des alphabets<\/em> Tome I, p. 64, a \u00e9crit \u00e0 propos du roi \u00e9gyptien Sent :<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><em>\u00ab\u00a0Le roi Sent, sous le r\u00e8gne duquel les caract\u00e8res alphab\u00e9tiques \u00e9taient d\u00e9j\u00e0 utilis\u00e9s, peut \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme ayant v\u00e9cu <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">entre 4000 et 4700 avant notre \u00e8re<\/span>. Aussi surprenant que puisse para\u00eetre le r\u00e9sultat de tels calculs, il faut affirmer qu&#039;il est probable que le <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Les d\u00e9buts de l&#039;art graphique dans la vall\u00e9e du Nil doivent \u00eatre rel\u00e9gu\u00e9s \u00e0 une date de sept ou huit mille ans \u00e0 partir d&#039;aujourd&#039;hui.<\/span>&#8220;<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Il est tr\u00e8s clair que la langue alphab\u00e9tique de l\u2019\u00c9gypte ancienne \u00e9tait la PREMI\u00c8RE au monde des milliers d\u2019ann\u00e9es avant les \u00ab \u00e9critures du Sina\u00ef \u00bb qui ont tant \u00e0 faire pour rien (voir un chapitre ult\u00e9rieur sur ce sujet).<\/p>\n<p>Dans son livre <em>La formation de l&#039;alphabet<\/em>, WM Flinders Petrie a collect\u00e9 et compil\u00e9 des formes de lettres alphab\u00e9tiques qui s&#039;\u00e9tendaient du d\u00e9but de la pr\u00e9histoire de l&#039;\u00c9gypte aux \u00e9poques grecque et romaine. Petrie a \u00e9galement compil\u00e9 (\u00e0 partir de plusieurs chercheurs ind\u00e9pendants) des formes de lettres alphab\u00e9tiques d&#039;apparence similaire provenant de 25 endroits en Asie Mineure, en Gr\u00e8ce, en Italie, en Espagne et dans d&#039;autres endroits \u00e0 travers l&#039;Europe. Toutes sont beaucoup plus jeunes que les formes de lettres alphab\u00e9tiques de l\u2019\u00c9gypte ancienne.<\/p>\n<p>Le tableau de Petrie de ces formes de lettres alphab\u00e9tiques montre que\u00a0:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">1. Toutes les formes de lettres alphab\u00e9tiques \u00e9taient pr\u00e9sentes dans l\u2019\u00c9gypte ancienne depuis les premi\u00e8res \u00e9poques pr\u00e9dynastiques (il y a plus de 7\u00a0000 ans), avant tout autre endroit dans le monde.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">2. Toutes les formes de lettres alphab\u00e9tiques \u00e9gyptiennes se distinguent clairement dans la plus ancienne \u00ab \u00e9criture hi\u00e9ratique \u00bb \u00e9gyptienne retrouv\u00e9e il y a plus de 5 000 ans.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">3. Les m\u00eames formes exactes de lettres alphab\u00e9tiques de l\u2019\u00c9gypte ancienne ont ensuite \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9es et diffus\u00e9es \u00e0 d\u2019autres personnes \u00e0 travers le monde.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>2. Les papyrus alphab\u00e9tiques \u00e9gyptiens pr\u00e9-Hyksos distinctifs <\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>L&#039;\u00e9minent \u00e9gyptologue allemand Adolf Erman a \u00e9crit dans son livre <em>La vie dans l&#039;Egypte ancienne<\/em>, page 339\u00a0:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><em>\u00abM\u00eame sous l&#039;Ancien Empire <\/em><\/strong>[2575-2040 avant notre \u00e8re]<strong><em> une \u00e9criture cursive sp\u00e9ciale avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 invent\u00e9e pour un usage quotidien, dite hi\u00e9ratique.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Isaac Taylor, dans son livre <em>L&#039;histoire de l&#039;alphabet<\/em>, Vol.1, pages 94 et 95, faisait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 trois manuscrits \u00e9gyptiens anciens importants des \u00e9poques de l&#039;Ancien et du Moyen Empire [2575-1783] avant la p\u00e9riode Hyksos [vers 1600 avant notre \u00e8re], qui avaient des \u00e9critures cursives alphab\u00e9tiques tr\u00e8s claires et distinctives. . Les trois papyrus s&#039;accordent essentiellement entre eux quant au style g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l&#039;\u00e9criture et \u00e0 la forme des caract\u00e8res alphab\u00e9tiques individuels en cursive soign\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>Ces premi\u00e8res \u00e9critures alphab\u00e9tiques [hi\u00e9ratiques] montrent clairement un v\u00e9ritable caract\u00e8re cursif : noir, arrondi et gras.<\/p>\n<p>Les trois manuscrits \u00e9gyptiens anciens mentionn\u00e9s par<\/p>\n<p>Isaac Taylor est\u00a0:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">1. An Egyptian manuscript in the possession of Prof. Lepsius in which mention is made of the builder of the Great Pyramid of Giza, Khufu [Cheops], and other kings of the earlier dynasties of Memphis [2649 -2465 BCE].<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">2. The most perfect specimen of the alphabetical neat cursive writing of the early period is the celebrated papyrus which was acquired at Thebes by M. Prisse d\u2019Avennes, given by him to the Bibliotheque Nationale at Paris. This manuscript is usually called the \u201cPapyrus Prisse.\u201d It was published in facsimile by M. Prisse in 1847, and consists of eighteen pages of a magnificent alphabetical cursive writing, unequaled in size and beauty, the characters being unusually large, full, and firm. A statement at the end of the papyrus shows that it is only a copy of the original work, which purports to have been composed by Prince Ptah-Hotep, who lived during the reign of Assa, a king of the fifth dynasty [2465-2323 BCE].<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">3. Au Mus\u00e9e de Berlin se trouvent quelques fragments d&#039;un papyrus hi\u00e9ratique du temps des rois \u00e9gyptiens Amenemhat et Usurtasen, qui appartenaient \u00e0 la XIIe dynastie [1991-1783] qui pr\u00e9c\u00e9da l&#039;invasion des Hyksos.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Voici la <\/strong><strong>Fac-simil\u00e9 du papyrus Prisse<\/strong><strong>, o\u00f9 les formes de lettres ressemblent exactement aux formes de lettres tout au long de l&#039;histoire reconnue de l&#039;\u00c9gypte ancienne et au-del\u00e0.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/eu-ch1-2-96c-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1369 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/eu-ch1-2-96c-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"307\" height=\"137\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"gmail_default\">Voici une partie agrandie de ce papyrus \u00e9gyptien tr\u00e8s ancien montrant des formes de lettres alphab\u00e9tiques distinctives que tous les autres pays adopteront, comme les preuves le montreront tout au long de ce livre.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/eu-ch1-3-96c-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1365 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/eu-ch1-3-96c-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"269\" height=\"124\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"gmail_default\">Les autres premiers \u00e9crits alphab\u00e9tiques sont nombreux. Voici quelques exemples:<\/div>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">1. Clear alphabets from the Old Kingdom era [2575-2040 BCE] from a letter from a widow, written on linen, Egyptian Museum, Cairo, JE25975.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/eu-ch1-4-96c-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1366 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/eu-ch1-4-96c-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"269\" height=\"172\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">2. This is the third of a cycle of five hymns to Senwosret III, which was found in the town of el-Lahun. The hymn to Senwosret III shows the strophic arrangement, and was written in mid 12th Dynasty [1991-1783 BCE].<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/eu-ch1-5-96c-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1367 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/eu-ch1-5-96c-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"384\" height=\"159\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">3. The writing shown here is a memorandum from the Overseer of the temple to the Lector priest at Nubkaura Temple at el-Lahun (during the time of Senwosret II, 1897\u20131878 BCE), notifying him that Sirius would rise on the 16th day of the 4th month, so as to take note of its exact location and time to enter it into the temple records.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/eu-ch1-6aa.-1-96c-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1368 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/eu-ch1-6aa.-1-96c-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"307\" height=\"92\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">4. Several other similar samples on various topics and purposes can be found in R.B. Parkinson\u2019s book [see Selected Bibliography.]<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">5. Other Ancient Egyptian papyri with neat alphabetical writings on all kinds of subjects from this very early era are referred to throughout various publications by Moustafa Gadalla and are in most Egyptological references.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>3. Filtre la fum\u00e9e de milliers d\u2019\u00e9crits alphab\u00e9tiques \u00e9gyptiens<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Le PLUS GRAND \u00e9cran de fum\u00e9e de l\u2019histoire cache le syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9criture alphab\u00e9tique \u00e9gyptien (ancien). Ils ont amen\u00e9 tout le monde \u00e0 consid\u00e9rer la langue \u00e9gyptienne comme un ensemble d\u2019\u00ab images primitives \u00bb appel\u00e9es hi\u00e9roglyphes. Ils ont cach\u00e9 le syst\u00e8me alphab\u00e9tique \u00e9gyptien comme \u00e9tant la M\u00c8RE de TOUTES les langues du monde.<\/p>\n<p>Voici comment Alan Gardiner, dans son livre <em>Grammaire \u00e9gyptienne<\/em>, tries to \u201crationalize\u201d how they concealed the Egyptian alphabetical system:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><em>\u00ab Les \u00e9gyptologues ont \u00e9prouv\u00e9 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 pratique d&#039;adopter une norme commune \u00e0 laquelle les diff\u00e9rentes mains hi\u00e9ratiques pourraient \u00eatre r\u00e9duites, et au lieu de s\u00e9lectionner un simple style hi\u00e9ratique \u00e0 cet effet, ils ont pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 transcrire toutes les mains hi\u00e9ratiques en hi\u00e9roglyphes \u00bb.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>L&#039;\u00ab explication\/justification \u00bb de Gardiner pour enterrer les \u00e9crits alphab\u00e9tiques [hi\u00e9ratiques] nous assure qu&#039;il y avait <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">diverses formes d&#039;\u00e9crits \u00e0 des fins diverses<\/span>. Les m\u00eames acad\u00e9mies occidentales n\u2019ont JAMAIS utilis\u00e9 la m\u00eame \u00ab excuse boiteuse \u00bb avec le grec, le romain ou toute autre langue du monde !<\/p>\n<p>Cette excuse boiteuse a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9e UNIQUEMENT dans les \u00e9crits \u00e9gyptiens pour tromper et dissimuler la langue d&#039;\u00e9criture alphab\u00e9tique de l&#039;\u00c9gypte ancienne.<\/p>\n<p>Il n\u2019y a PAS UNE SEULE r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u2013 avant cette conspiration des \u00ab \u00e9gyptologues occidentaux \u00bb des XIXe et XXe si\u00e8cles \u2013 qui \u00e9tablissait une relation entre les hi\u00e9roglyphes (signes picturaux) et les formes de lettres alphab\u00e9tiques hi\u00e9ratiques\/d\u00e9motiques. Au contraire, CHAQUE r\u00e9f\u00e9rence indique EXPLICITEMENT \u00e0 quel point elles n&#039;ont aucun rapport.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>4. L\u2019\u00c9gyptien est mort, vive \u00ab l\u2019arabe \u00bb <\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Apr\u00e8s avoir dissimul\u00e9 le syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9criture alphab\u00e9tique de l\u2019\u00c9gypte ancienne qui fait que tout le monde consid\u00e8re la langue \u00e9gyptienne comme une collection d\u2019\u00ab images primitives \u00bb appel\u00e9es hi\u00e9roglyphes, leur deuxi\u00e8me coup fut de d\u00e9clarer que la langue \u00e9gyptienne ancienne \u00e9tait MORTE et qu\u2019elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 remplac\u00e9e \u2013 de mani\u00e8re inattendue. air \u2013 par la langue \u00ab arabe \u00bb !<\/p>\n<p>Dire que les \u00c9gyptiens parlent \u00ab arabe \u00bb est totalement faux et illogique. C&#039;est l&#039;inverse : les \u00ab Arabes \u00bb ont depuis longtemps \u00ab adopt\u00e9 \u00bb et continuent de parler l&#039;\u00c9GYPTIEN.<\/p>\n<p>L&#039;\u00e9gyptologue britannique Alan Gardiner dans son livre, <em>Grammaire \u00e9gyptienne<\/em>, page 3, \u00e9crit :<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><em>\u00ab Il peut en effet \u00eatre prouv\u00e9 que l\u2019ensemble du syst\u00e8me vocalique de l\u2019\u00e9gyptien ancien a atteint un stade ressemblant \u00e0 celui de l\u2019h\u00e9breu ou de l\u2019arabe moderne. \u00bb<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>L&#039;\u00e9gyptien est la m\u00e8re de toutes les langues s\u00e9mitiques, comme le prouvent et le concluent TOUS les acad\u00e9miciens.<\/p>\n<p>\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093f\u0902\u092f\u093e\u0938, \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 egyptologist \u090f\u0932\u0928 gardiner, \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u092e\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 <em>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/em>\u092e\u0947\u0902, 2 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920, \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u093e:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><em>\u201cThe Egyptian language is related, not only to the Semitic tongues (Hebrew, Arabic, Aramaic, Babylonian, etc.), but also to the East African languages (Galla, Somali, etc.) and the Berber idioms of North Africa. Its connection with the latter groups, together known as the Hamitic family, is a very thorny subject, but the relationship to the Semitic tongues can be fairly accurately defined. \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948; \u092e\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0916\u093c\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926-\u0909\u092a\u091c\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0902\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0948\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0928 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0964 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u092c\u091c \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u091a\u093f\u092a\u0915\u093e<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;\u0905\u0930\u092c\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e&#8221; \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0947 15 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0925\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0908 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 lexicon, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093f\u0902\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 verbs \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935, \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0909\u092a\u091c\u0940,, \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0917\u094d\u092e\u0928 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\/lexicons \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0917\u0920\u0928\/derivations \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0947 (\u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u092f \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915) \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0917, infixes \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902; \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093f\u0902\u092f\u093e\u0938\/\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0964<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>[Excerpts from Ancient Egyptian Universal Writing Modes by Moustafa Gadalla]<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/hi-ro.egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/2019\/02\/cover-eu-225x338-225x338.jpg\" alt=\"\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928 \u092e\u094b\u0921\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[anuvaad lambit hai] [Devanaagaree mein upalabdh hai: \u092e\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0930\u0940-\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928-\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930.\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924] The Egyptian Alphabetical Form Of Writing &nbsp; 1. Remote Age Of Egyptian Alphabets Most [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-46955","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46955","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=46955"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46955\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46955"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}