Misr Ke Jahaajon Aur Uchch Samudr

Misr Ke Jahaajon Aur Uchch Samudr

1. Saamanya

Praacheen Misr Aur Anya Sudoor Deshon Ke Beech Logon, Khanijon Tatha Saamaan Ka Avaagaman Saamaanyaa Soch Se Kaheen Adhik Vyaapak Aur Aam Tha. Ye Samudra Baadhaayen Nahi, Apitu Sakriya Antarrastriya Vaanijya Ke Rajamaarg The. Jalamaarg Se Yaatra Karana, Jaan Aur Maal Dono Ke Liye Yaatra Ka Sabase Sasta, Achchha Aur Surakshit Tareeka Tha (Aur Hai). Bade Aur Vishaal Saamaanon Ke Liye Paani Ki Yaatra, Thalamaarg Ki Yaatra Ki Sampoorak Hai.

Praacheen Misravaasiyon Ke Paas Dher Saare Behtareen Gunvatta Vaale Jahaazon Ke Roop Me Khule Samudra Me Yaatra Karane Ke Saadhan Maujood The. Ve Khule Samudra Ki Yaatra Karane Ka Bhaugolik Gyaan Bhi Rakhate The. Saboot Bataate Hain Ki Unake Gyaan Aur Saadhanon Ne Unhen Dharati Ke Sabase Door-Daraaz Ke Deshon Tak Pahunchane Me Saksham Banaaya. Ane Vaale Pristhon Me Uchch Gunvatta Vaali Misri Jahaazon Aur Khule Samudra Ki Yatraon Ke Baare Me Praacheen Misri Gyaan Ka Vivaran Diya Ja Raha Hai.

Isase Pahle Hamane Sitaaron Ke Saath Hi Dharati Ki Satah (Paani Sahit) Ke Baare Me Praacheen Misri Gyaan Ko Pesh Kiya Tha.

 

2. Misri Jahaaz

Praacheen Misr Ke Paas, Samudra Aur Zameen Se Insaan Aur Saamaan Ke Parivahan Ka Gyaan, Saadhan, Saamagri Aur Anubhav Tha. Jab 1970 Ke Dashak Me Khufu (Cheope) Ki (4500 Varsh Puraani) Naav, Piramide di Giza Me Mahaan Ke Bagal Me Paayi Gayi, To Praacheen Misri Jahaazon Ki Gunvatta Ki Zabardast Saraahana Ki Gayi. Piramide Mahaan Ke Bagal Vaale Sangrahaalaya Me Rakhi Yah Naav, Kolambas Ki Saanta Maariya Ya Vaayikings Ki Meflovar Jaise Jahaazon Ki Tulana Me Shresth Aur Yogya Hai. Bhautik Saakshyon Se Spasht Hai Ki Misravaasiyon Ke Paas Khule Samudraon Me Yaatra Karane Ka Saadhan Maujood Tha. Khufu Ke Jahaaz Se Bade Jahaazon Ke Baare Me Age Varnaan Kiya Jaayega.

[Khufu Ki Naav]

Khufu Ki Naav Aaj Tak Ke Paaye Gaye Sabase Bade Praacheen Jahaazon Me Se Ek Hai. Europa Me Paayi Gayi Sabase Lambi Vaayiking Nauka Lagabhag 98,5 Fut (30 metri) Ki Hai, Jabaki Khufu Ki Naav 142,5 piedi (43,4 metri) Lambi Hai. Yah Lagabhag 19,4 Fut (5,9 metri) Chauda Aur 5,75 Fut (1,75 metri) Gahara Hai Aur 40 Tan Se Adhik Visthaapn Kshamata Vaala Hai. Jahaaz Ke Agale Hisse Ko Papyrus-Bandaal Ke Akaar Me Banaaya Gaya Hai, Jo Lagabhag 20 piedi (6 metri) Lamba Hai. Isaki Poonchh 23 piedi (7 metri) Tak Uthati Hai. Isake Patavaar Me Do Vishaal Chappu Hote Hain. Naav Ke Daek Par Kayi Kebin Hain. Is Baat Ke Kuchh Pramaana Hain Ki Khufu Ki Naav Ka Upayog Vaastav Me Paani Me Hua Tha. Rassiyon Aur Lakadi Ke Beech Gharsana Ki Vajah Se Bane Nisaanon Ko Ab Bhi Kayi Jagah Spasht Roop Se Dekha Ja Sakata Hai.

Naav Lakadi Ke Bahut Se Tukadon Se Mil Kar Banata Hai, Jinhen Rassiyon Se Apas Me Jod Jaata Hai. Rassiyaan Geeli Hone Par Sikudati Hain, Jabaki Lakadi Geeli Hone Par Phailati Hai. Is Tarah Sikudane Aur Phailane Ke Kaaran Ye Bandhan Itane Mazaboot Aur Surakshit Ho Jaate Hain, Ki Kisi Dhaatu Ke Keel Ki Zaroorat Nahi Hoti. Naav Nirmaana Ki Is Paddhati Se Praacheen Misravaasi Apne Naav Ke Tukadon Ko Alag-Alag Karake Apne Saath Lekar Zameen Par Chal Sakate The Aur Jab Ve Kisi Surakshit Jalamaarg Ke Paas Pahunchate To Fir Se Us Naav Ka Upayog Kar Lete The. Is Saral Nirmaana Takaneek Ke Kaaran Praacheen Misravaasi Zameen Ke Behad Bheetari Ilaaqon Tak Ki Yaatra Kar Paate The. Praacheen Misr Ke Har Daur Ke Papyrus Me Maujood Dheron Vivaran Is Paddhati Ki Pushti Karate Hain.

Praacheen Misravaasi Apne Jahaaz Nirmaana Ke Liye Samooche Bhoomadhyasaagareeya Basin Me Prasiddh The, Jabaki Naav Aur Badee-Badi Vastuon Ko Banaane Vaali Lakadi Misr Me Upalabdh Nahi Thi. Jaisa Ki Fineasia Se Ayaat Kiye Gaye Lakadi Ki Vishaal Maatra Se Spasht Hai, Ki Praacheen Misravaasiyon Ke Paas Ek Bada Beda Tha. Aanshik Hi Sahi Lekin Lakadi Ki Apoorti Ki Avashyakata Bataati Hai, Ki Puraane Saamraajya Ke Arambh (2575 a.C.) Se Hi Misravaasiyon Ka Fineesiyanon Ke Saath Sthaayi Samajhautaa—Ek Prakaar Ka Rajasanrakshan—Tha.

Misravaasiyon Ne Alag-Alag Zarooraton, Bhaugolik Sthitiyon Aur Jalavaayu Ke Anukool Yaatriyon Aur Maal Dono Ke Parivahan Ke Liye Bilkul Vyaavahaarik Naavon Ka Nirmaana Kiya. Misri Jahaaz Kaafi Praacheen Kaal Se Hi Neel Nadi Aur Khule Samudra Ki Yatrayen Kiya Karate The. Jahaaz Kaafi Alag-Alag Akaar Ke Hua Karate The. Uname Se Kuchh Bahut Bade The. Diodorus Ne Sisotris Ke Shaashankaal Ke Dauraan Devadaar Se Banaaye Gaye Ek Jahaaz Ka Ullekh Kiya Hai, Jisaka Maap 450 piedi (140 metri) Tha. 5.000 Saal Se Bhi Pahle Se Sabhi Prakaar Ke Vaanijyaik Aur Sainya Jahaazon Ki Jaanakaari Hai, Jo Britain, Irlanda Aur Europe Ke Uttari Taton Par Saamaanon Ko Laate Le Jaate The. Yah Pahali Sahasraabdi Eisa Poorv Me Phoenicianon Ke Naavik Banane Se Bahut Pahle Ki Baat Hai.

[Punt Ki Yatra Par Rani Hatshepsut Ki Paal Nauka.]

Bahut Pahle, Bade Paimaane Par Naavon Ka Nirmaana Kiya Gaya Tha. Yahaan Tak Ki Puraane Saamraajya (2575-2150 a.C.) Ke Daur Men, Bade-Bade Akaar Vaali Naukaaon Ka Nirmaana Kiya Gaya, Isaliye Ham Babool Ki Lakadi Se Bane 60 Haath Lambe Aur 30 Haath Chaude …. Yaani Lagabhag 100 piedi (30,5 metri) Lambe Aur 50 piedi (15,25 metri) Chaude, Vishaal Jahaaz Ke Baare Me Sun Paate Hain, Aur Is Vishaal Akaar Ke Naav Ko 17 Dinon Me Bana Diya Gaya Tha.

[Minya Ke Upar, Kom Ahmar Ke Ek Maqbare Men, Do Mastoolon Vaali Ek Vishaal Naav Tatha Dher Saare Khevaiye.]

Puraane Saamraajya Ke Chitraon Me Kayi Prakaar Ki Naukaaon Ko Dikhaaya Gaya Hai, Jaise Ki Chaukor Naukaayen, Pristhabhaag Vaali Naukaayen, Karsana Naukaayen Ityaadi. Pratyek Prakaar Ke Jahaaz Alag-Alag Kamon Aur Paristhitiyon Ke Anukool Hote Hain. Bandaragaahon Ke Sanchaalan Me Kayi Prakaar Ki Naukaaon Ka Upayog Kiya Jaata Tha, Jaise Ki Canopus (Poorv-Alessandria) Ke Bandaragaah Me Hota Tha. Maal Dhulaayi Vaale Jahaaz Ke Alaava, Chhoti Naaven Bhi Theen Jinaka Upayog Chhotee-Moti Cheezaon Ko Dhone Me Hota Tha.

Kuchh Maalavaahak Bahut Bade Hote The, Jinaka Istemaal Anaajon, Pattharon, Einton Aur Yahaan Tak Ki Un Bheemakaaya Stambhon Ke Liye Bhi Kiya Jaata Tha, Jinhen Aswan Ke Khadaanon Me Ek Hi Paasaana Khanda Se Taraasha Jaata Aur Fir Nadi Ke Raaste Luxor Ya Anya Jagahon Par Le Jaaya Jaata Tha.

Lagabhag Sabhi Naukaaon Ko Naukaayan Aur Nauchaalan Dono Ke Anukool Banaaya Gaya Tha. Jab Vipareet Havaaon Ke Kaaran Ya Shaant Nauvahan Naharon Guzarate Samaya Naukaayan Asambhav Ho Jaata Thaa—Tab Naavik Chhoti Naukaaon Aur Rasson Ki Madad Se Karsana Takaneek Ke Sahaare Yaatra Karate The. Isake Alaava, Bade Maal Ki Dhulaayi Karane Vaale Jahaazon Ko Puruson Ya Anya Jahaazon Ki Madad Se Kheencha Jaata Tha, Kyonki Ve Itane Bhaari Ho Jaate Ki Apneaap Nahi Chal Paate The. Isaliye, Puraane Saamraajya Ke Daur Tak Men, Adhikaansh Jahaazon Me Kheenche Jaane Vaali Rassi Ko Baandhane Ke Liye Mazaboot Stambh Lagaaya Jaata Tha. Adhikatar Karsana Naukaaon Me Rasson Ke Liye Ke Dono Chhoron Par Chhote Aur Lambavat Stambh Lage Hote The. Unhen Puraane Saamraajya Ke Sabhi Jahaazon Ki Tarah Lambe-Lambe Chappuon Ki Sahaayata Se Chalaaya Jaata Tha. Is Prakaar Ke Jahaazon Ko Khadaanon Se Bheemakaaya Paasaanaakhandaon Ko Laane Ke Liye (Yaani Bhaari Vazan Le Jaane Men) Istemaal Kiya Gaya Tha.

[Kheenchane Vaali Naav (Lagabhag 2400 Eisa Poorv), Dhulayi Ke Dauraan Naazuk Cheezon Ko Petiyon Men Rakkha Jata Tha.]

Puraane Saamraajya Ke Yug Ke Baad Se, Misri Jahaazon Ke Patavaar Me Do Bade Parichaalan Chappu Lage Hote The.

Samooche Misri Itihaas Me Adhikaansh Naukaaon Ko Khoob Samvaara Jaata Tha, Aur Agale Bhaagon Ko Bade-Bade Chitraon Se Sajaaya Jaata Tha. Jahaaz Ka Pichhala Hissa Kamal Ke Kisi Vishaal Fool Jaisa Dikhata Tha, Patavaar Ka Falak Foolon Ke Guladaste Jaisa Hota Tha, Aur Sheers Par Lagi Ghundai Ko Neter (Devata) Ke Mukhamandaal Jaisa Banaaya Jaata Tha.

Praacheen Misravaasiyon Ke Paas Nausainik Beda Bhi Hota Tha, Jisaka Akaar Apne-Apne Daur Ki Khule Samudra Ki Raksha Avashyakataaon Ke Anusaar Hota Tha. Yuddh Ke Liye Vishes Naukaayen Banaayi Jaati Theen. Erodoto Aur Diodoro, Dono Ne Arab Ki Khaadi Me Sesostris Ke Lambe-Lambe Jahaazon Vaale Nausainik Bede Ka Varnaan Kiya Hai. Unaki Sankhya 400 Thi, Aur Is Baat Ka Vishvaas Karane Ka Paryaapt Kaaran Maujood Hai, Ki Vyaapaar, Aur Yuddhapoton Dvaara Raksha Ke Upaaya Kaafi Pahle Se, Aur Kam Se Kam 4.000 Saal Pahle Baarahaven Rajvansh Ke Samaya Me To Maujood Hi The.

[Madhya Saamraajya Ki Ek Misri Naav]

Misr Se Baahar Samudri Daakuon Se Vaanijyaik Bede Ki Raksha Me Istemaal Hone Vaale Yuddhapot Ka Neel Vaalon Se Bhinn Hote The. Unaka Agala Aur Pichhala Hissa Neeche Hota Tha. Har Or Jahaaz Ki Poori Lambaayi Ke Saath Lakadi Ki Ek Unchi Praacheer Hoti Thi. Yah Dushmanon Ke Bauchhaaron Se Mallaahon Ki Raksha Karati Thi. Patavaar Ka Haindaal Ek Chhidr Ke Maadhyam Se Nichale Hisse Ki o Jaata Tha.

 

3. Signor Ke Mukhya Tateeya Bandaragaah

Vaanijyaik Aur Nausena Ke Jahaazon Ke Sanchaalan Ke Liye, Anekon Bandaragaah, Thal Sanket, Jal Sanket, Maal Ko Laadane Utaarane Ki Suvidha, Meethe Paani Ki Apoorti, Vishraamasthal Tatha Anya Suvidhaayen Upalabdh Theen. Bandaragaahon Aur Neel Ke Abaadi Vaale Kshetraon Ke Beech Anekon Sadaken Aur Apoorti Kendra The.

Misri Jalamaarg Ke Ranaaneetik Sthaan Ne Europ, Africa Aur Asia Ke Tatkaaleen Teen Sakriya Mahaadveepon Ke Beech Vyaapaar Ko Asaan Bana Diya Tha. Maanav Nirmit Nauvahan Maargon Dvaara Canopus (Alessandria) Me Bhoomadhya Saagar Aur Neel Nadi Ke Naugamya Kshetra Ke Beech Sampark Sambhav Ho Gaya. Neel Nadi, Ek Aur Nauvahan Maarg Ke Zariye Suez Ki Khaadi Ke Uttari Sire Se Judati Thi, Jisase Laal Saagar, Africa, Bhaarat Aur Sudoor Poorv Tak Pahunchana Asaan Ho Gaya.

Naugamya Neel Nadi Ke Kinaaron Par Jagah-Jagah Maujood Bandaragaahon Ke Alaava, Laal Saagar Aur Bhoomadhya Saagar Dono Or Ke Misri Taton Par Mahatvapoorna Bandaragaah The.

 

[isaka ek ansh:Praacheen Misri Sanskriti Ka Rahasyodghaatan -Vistaarit Dviteeya Sanskaran dvaara likhit Moustafa Gadalla]

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