{"id":464,"date":"2018-11-04T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-11-04T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/moses-and-akhenaton\/"},"modified":"2023-01-03T00:47:19","modified_gmt":"2023-01-03T05:47:19","slug":"moses-and-akhenaton-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/ro\/moses-and-akhenaton-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Moses And Akhenaton"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Moses And Akhenaton<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>1. Monotheism And Monomania<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Ancient Egyptians believed in One God who was self-produced, self-existent, immortal, invisible, eternal, omniscient, almighty, etc. This One God was represented through the functions and attributes of \u201cHis\u201d domain. These attributes were called the <strong>neteru<\/strong> (pronounced <em>net-er-u,<\/em>\u00a0masculine singular: <strong>neter<\/strong>; feminine singular: <strong>netert<\/strong>). In other words, the ALL (<strong>neteru<\/strong>) are the One.<\/p>\n<p>When we ask, \u201cWho is God?\u201d, we are really asking, \u201cWhat is God?\u201d. A mere name or noun does not tell us anything. One can only define \u201cGod\u201d through the multitude of \u201cHis\u201d attributes\/qualities\/powers\/actions. To know \u201cGod\u201d is to know the numerous qualities of \u201cGod\u201d. Far from being a primitive, polytheistic form, this is the highest expression of monotheistic mysticism.<\/p>\n<p>The Ancient Egyptians utilized pictorial symbols to represent the divine attributes and actions. As the saying goes, \u201ca picture is worth a thousand words.\u201d As a result, the figures of Isis,\u00a0Osiris,Horus, Mut, etc., became the symbols of such attributes\/functions\/forces\/energies, and were never intended to be looked upon as real personages.<\/p>\n<p>In Egyptian symbolism, the precise role of the <strong>neteru<\/strong> (gods\/goddesses) is revealed in many ways: by dress, headdress, crown, feather, animal, plant, color, position, size, gesture, sacred object (e.g., flail, scepter, staff, ankh), etc. A chosen symbol represents that function or principle on all levels simultaneously\u2014from the simplest, most obvious physical manifestation of that function to the most abstract and metaphysical. This symbolic language represents a wealth of physical, physiological, psychological and spiritual data in the presented symbols.<\/p>\n<p>Those who lack understanding of the Egyptian monotheistic mysticism are quick to pronounce Akhenaton as <em>the first monotheist<\/em>. Akhenaton glorified one Egyptian neter (god), namely <strong>Aton<\/strong>\u2014the disk of the sun\u2014over and above all the other neteru (gods\/goddesses).<\/p>\n<p>Likewise, the God of Moses declared:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><em>&#8230; against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgment; I am the Lord. <\/em>[Exodus, 12:12]<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The evidence points to Akhenaton as being the historical figure of the person identified in the Old Testament as Moses. This evidence is described below.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>2. Monotheist Or Monotypic<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In Egypt, the king always represented the divine in man. Akhenaton thought that it was he, Akhenaton the man, who was Divine. It is only the Divine that is both male and female, and the so-called \u201cAmarna art\u201d depicts Akhenaton as both male and female. There are portraits that depict Akhenaton with female breasts, but other portraits do not include this feature. The most compelling portrait is found in the Akhenaton room at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo\u2014one of the nude colossi shows the king as being unmistakably androgynous. Written into this astonishing art is a pervasive deliberate sexual symbolism that depicts him as simultaneously both a man and a woman. His statue shows a unisex human representing the Perfect One\u2014who is neither male or female\u2014as none other than God.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>3. Freud And Moses<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Sigmund Freud, the Jewish father of psychoanalysis, was intensely interested in Jewish history. He later wrote a book called <em>Moses and Monotheism<\/em>. Sigmund Freud argued that Moses was an Egyptian, a follower of Akhenaton, who later led the Jews out of Egypt.<\/p>\n<p>Even though the Bible (in Exodus, 2:10) tells us that Moses\u2019 Egyptian adopted mother called him <em>Moshe <\/em>because, she said, <strong><em>I drew him out of the water<\/em><\/strong>, Freud demonstrated that Moshe had a different meaning. In fact, the name <strong><em>Moshui <\/em><\/strong>is the Hebrew name which means <em>one who has been drawn out<\/em>. It was then Freud\u2019s conclusion that the name of the Jewish leader was not of Hebrew origin, but rather from an Egyptian origin.<\/p>\n<p><em>Mos <\/em>is part of many compound Ancient Egyptian names such as <strong>Ptah-mos <\/strong>and <strong>Tuth-mos<\/strong>. We also find some examples of the word <em>mos <\/em>being used on its own as a personal pronoun and which means <em>rightful person<\/em>. Such practice was common during the 18th Dynasty.<\/p>\n<p>Many generations later and in a different country, a biblical editor, who may not have had any knowledge of Moses\u2019 original name, attempted to provide a <em>Hebrew explanation <\/em>of the name. It is also possible that the biblical editor was trying to remove any possible link between Moses and his position as a Pharaoh of Egypt.<\/p>\n<p>Sigmund Freud\u2019s findings (that Moses was not a Hebrew, but an Egyptian) upset some and outraged others. But as the decades have rolled along, Freud\u2019s concept has sunk into the consciousness of Western thought, and at the beginning of the new millennium (of our common era), it no longer seems outrageous.<\/p>\n<p>Next, we shall draw distinct parallels between the historical Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaton and the biblical accounts of Moses.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>4. Aton Worship<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>There were very many <strong>neteru <\/strong>(gods, goddesses) in Egypt. <strong>Aton <\/strong>was among this multitude of deities, and was not a new idea, but was introduced by Akhenaton. Archaeological evidence of <strong>Aton <\/strong>is found in Ancient Egyptian texts dating to the time of the 12th Dynasty, 600 years before Akhenaton was born.<\/p>\n<p>The image of <strong>Aton <\/strong>is presented as a sun disk with its rays ending in human hands.<\/p>\n<p>Akhenaton exalted <strong>Aton <\/strong>over and above the other aspects\/powers\/<strong>neteru <\/strong>of the One Supreme God.<\/p>\n<p><em>Adonai <\/em>in Hebrew means <em>my Lord<\/em>. The last two letters <em>\u2018ai\u2019 <\/em>of the word is a Hebrew pronoun meaning <em>\u2018my\u2019 <\/em>or <em>\u2018mine\u2019 <\/em>and signifying possession. \u2018<em>Adon\u2019, <\/em>meaning <em>Lord, <\/em>was correctly noted by Sigmund Freud as the Hebrew word for the Egyptian <strong>Aton\/Aten<\/strong>. As the Egyptian \u2018<strong>t<\/strong>\u2019 becomes \u2018<em>d<\/em>\u2019 in the Hebrew tongue, <em>Adon <\/em>is the Hebrew equivalent of the Egyptian <strong>Aton<\/strong>. Thus, <em>Adon <\/em>and <strong>Aton\/Aten <\/strong>are one and the same.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0\u2022 \u2022 \u2022<\/p>\n<p>The Ancient Egyptians had numerous hymns to all their deities\u2014including <strong>Aton<\/strong>. One of these hymns to <strong>Aton<\/strong>\u2014often attributed to Akhenaton\u2014is a mirror image of Psalm 104. Here are both versions for you to compare:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Hymn to the Aton<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><em>The cattle are content in their pasture, the trees and plants are green, the birds fly from their nests. Their wings are raised in praise of your soul. The goats leap on their feet. All flying and fluttering things live when you shine for them. Likewise the boats race up and down the river, and every way is open, because you have appeared. The fish in the river leap before your face. Your rays go to the depth of the sea.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Psalm 104<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><em>He causeth the grass to grow for the cattle, and the herb for the service of man: that he may bring forth food out of the earth: and wine that maketh glad the heart of man and oil to make his face shine, and bread which strengtheneth man\u2019s heart. The trees of the Lord are full of sap: the cedars of Lebanon which he hath planted: where the birds make their nests: as for the stork, the fir trees are her house. The high hills are a refuge for the wild goats; and the rocks for the conies&#8230;. So is this great and wide sea, wherein are things creeping innumerable, both great and small beasts. There go the ships.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The similarity of sequence and of images in both compositions is too striking to be a coincidence. As such, many believe that the earlier Egyptian hymn must have been known to the later Hebrew writer.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2022 \u2022 \u2022<\/p>\n<p>Akhenaton chose the Heliopolitan solar form of the Egyptian temple to be used as the place for the worship of the <strong>Aton<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Likewise, Moses was the first person to introduce a temple into Israelite worship when he created the tabernacle in Sinai.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2022 \u2022 \u2022<\/p>\n<p>Akhenaton continued the Egyptian practice of a holy boat, which was usually kept in the temple.<\/p>\n<p>Moses also adopted the ark, where the Pentateuch scrolls were kept (Exodus, 25:10). The ark is respected as the second holiest part of the Jewish temple after the Pentateuch itself.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2022 \u2022 \u2022<\/p>\n<p>Akhenaton continued the Egyptian priesthood system and associated rituals.<\/p>\n<p>There was no Israelite priesthood before the time of Moses. Rituals and worship of the newly established Hebrew priesthood were similar to those during the time of Akhenaton. Moses arranged the priesthood in two main levels: the high priests and the ordinary priests. Instructions were issued to them about their specific garments, purification, anointment and how best to go about fulfilling the duties of their offices.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2022 \u2022 \u2022<\/p>\n<p>Across the Nile from Tell-el Amarna, there is the city of <strong>Mal-lawi<\/strong> (Mal-Levi), which literally means\u00a0<em>The City of the Levites<\/em>. The Levites held priestly positions with Akhenaton at Amarna. Likewise, the Levites held priestly positions with Moses, according to the Bible.<\/p>\n<p>Akhenaton\u2019s two highest priestly officials were:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">1. <strong>Meryre II<\/strong>, who was the High Priest of the <strong>Aton<\/strong>\u00a0at the Amarna temple.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">2. <strong>Panehesy<\/strong>, who was the Chief Servitor of the <strong>Aton<\/strong> at Akhenaton\u2019s temple in Amarna.<\/p>\n<p>Likewise, Moses\u2019 two highest priestly officials were:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">1. <strong><em>Merari<\/em><\/strong>, who is described in Genesis, 46:11 as one of the sons of Levi. The Egyptian equivalent of <strong>Merari<\/strong> is <strong>Meryre<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">2. <strong><em>Phinehas<\/em><\/strong>, who was the son of Eleazar and grandson of Aaron according to Exodus, 6:25. His name in the Talmud is <strong><em>Pinhas<\/em><\/strong>. The Egyptian equivalent of his name is <strong>Panehesy<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>It is therefore evident that we are dealing with the same high officials who served Akhenaton at Amarna and then accompanied him to Sinai afterwards: Yet another confirmation that Moses and Akhenaton are one and the same.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>5. The Ruler<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Akhenaton\u2019s 18-year reign was mostly a co-regency. He reigned the first twelve years in conjunction with his father, Amenhotep III. It was very probable that the last few years of his reign was a co-regency with his brother Semenkhkare. Both his participation and outright rule of Egypt can be divided into four stages:<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>1. Early Co-Regency Rule<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>When Amenhotep III\u2019s health began to deteriorate, Akhenaton\u2019s mother Tiye\u2019s power increased correspondingly. In order to ensure her son\u2019s inheritance of the throne, she arranged for him to marry his half-sister, Nefertiti, who was the daughter of Amenhotep III by Sitamun, the legitimate heiress. It is Nefertiti who is recognized in the Bible as Miriam, <em>Moses\u2019 sister<\/em>\u2014which is a common mistake in translation between a wife and a sister. [See the end of Chapter 1 of this book for the explanation.]<\/p>\n<p>In order to bypass the legitimate process of the power transfer between succeeding pharaohs, Tiye prompted her husband, Amenhotep III, to appoint Amenhotep IV (Akhenaton) as his co-regent. As such, Akhenaton evaded the coronation rituals that can only be performed by the priests.<\/p>\n<p>Akhenaton became a co-regent in or about Year 28 of Amenhotep III. At about Year 33, he transferred his residence to Tell el-Amarna, 200 miles north of Luxor (Thebes). His reign had two groups of dated inscriptions. One was related to the Luxor (Thebes) residence, which started at Year 28 of Amenhotep III. The other one was related to the Amarna residence. A correspondence in date, year by year, between the two groups of inscriptions can be easily established. For example, Year 28 of Amenhotep III equals Year 1 of Amenhotep IV. Year 33 of Amenhotep III is equal to Year 6 of Amenhotep IV, etc. Amenhotep III died in his Year 38, which was Akhenaton\u2019s Year 12.<\/p>\n<p>In his fifth year of co-regency, Amenhotep IV changed his name to Akhenaton in honor of the <strong>Aton<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Because of the hostile climate that Akhenaton created, he left Luxor (Thebes) with Amenhotep III and went to reside at Tell el-Amarna (200 miles [330 km] north of Luxor). Akhenaton named his new residence <em>Akhetaton, <\/em>meaning <em>the city of the horizon of the Aton<\/em>. This area is also called Amarna\/Tell el-Amarna. The name is, however, derived from the name in the second cartouche of Akhenaton\u2019s god; namely. <em>Im-r-n<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Amram, or Imran, was the name given in the Bible to Moses\u2019 father, and it is precisely the same name Akhenaten gave to his <em>father<\/em>, the Aton.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Yet another confirmation that Moses and Akhenaton are one and the same.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The co-regency ended when his father died in Akhenaton\u2019s Year 12.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>2. Sole Ruler<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Akhenaton became sole ruler after Amenhotep III died in Year 12 of Akhenaton. He failed his duties as an Ancient Egyptian pharaoh, to continuously perform the necessary rituals for the proper relationship and communication with the neteru (the powers of the universe) in order to maintain the welfare of the state and insure the fertility of the earth so that it may bring forth sustenance. The Ancient Egyptian pharaoh was never meant to be a ruler or a leader of an army. However, throughout his reign, Akhenaton relied completely on the army\u2019s support for protection.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>3. Late Co-Regency Rule<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>With the temples inactive, the pressure mounted on Akhenaton, who ignored his main function as the high official priest of all temples and shrines. As a last resort (or as a ploy), Akhenaton, in his Year 15, was forced to install his brother, Semenkhkare, as his co-regent at Luxor. This action only delayed the inevitable outcome.<\/p>\n<p>Semenkhkare left Amarna for Luxor (Thebes), where he reversed Akhenaton\u2019s hostile actions and began a reconciliation process with the priests there.<\/p>\n<p>In his Year 17, Akhenaton suddenly disappeared. At or about the same time, Semenkhkare died suddenly. The co-regency of Akhenaton and Semenkhkare was succeeded by the young prince, Twt-Ankh-Amen.<\/p>\n<p>In his Year 17, Akhenaton may have been warned by his uncle, Aye, of a threat on his life. He abdicated and fled to Sinai, with his followers. The sudden departure is evident in the lack of burial, or even of sarcophagi, in any of the nobles&#8217; or royal tombs of Akhetaton.<\/p>\n<p>Although Sinai was part of Egypt from the early days of Egyptian history, there was no established governing authority there, because of its sparse and nomadic population.<\/p>\n<p>The sudden disappearance of Akhenaton is echoed in the biblical story of Moses when he escaped to Sinai, after he slew an Egyptian. The account of how Moses slew an Egyptian may have been mentioned in the Amarna Tablets. Among these tablets is a letter, sent from AbdKhiba, King of Jerusalem, to Akhenaton, in which AbdKhiba accuses Akhenaton of not punishing some Hebrews who killed two Egyptian officials:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><em>&#8230; the Khabiru (Hebrews) are seizing the towns of the king &#8230; Turbazu has been slain in the very gate of Zilu (Zarw), yet the king holds back &#8230; Yaptih-Hadad has been slain in the very gate of Zilu, yet the king holds back.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Did the final blow to Akhenaton\u2019s reign lie in letting the Hebrews get away with two murders?<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>4. King Without Power\u2014\u201cCo-regency\u201d with Twt-Ankh-Aton<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Even though Akhenaton abdicated and fled from the scene, he was still regarded as the legitimate ruler. As long as he was alive, the pharaoh was regarded as being the legitimate pharaoh.<\/p>\n<p>Akhenaton would not let go of his powers and as a result he made (through co-regency) his 10-year-old son Twt-Ankh-Aton the official Pharaoh. Being of a minor age, this allowed Akhenaton, his father, to be in control for four more years, and during this time the boy King was still called Twt-Ankh-<strong>Aton<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>This \u201cco-regency\u201d ended four years later, Year 21 of Akhenaton, when Aye (Akhenaton\u2019s uncle) became the de facto guardian of the young King. Subsequently, the young King abandoned the <strong>Aton<\/strong> (at least officially) by changing his name from Twt-Ankh-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Aton<\/strong><\/span> to Twt-Ankh-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Amen<\/strong><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>At this point in time, the exclusiveness of <strong>Aton<\/strong> as the \u201conly\/prime god\/neter\u201d ended and Akhenaton, who was still alive in Sinai, was king no more.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>6. The Exile<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>No evidence has ever been found regarding the date of Akhenaton\u2019s death. Akhenaton\u2019s city, including his tomb, was substantially destroyed. However, archaeologists were able to reconstruct, from many small fragments, Akhenaton\u2019s sarcophagus, which is the outermost of a series of coffins that would protect his mummy. The presence of the inner coffins would indicate burial. This absence indicates otherwise. No fragments of the inner coffers were ever found. Additionally, the actual canopic jars that would have contained the viscera of the deceased have never been found. The absence of these jars, or their fragments, from Akhenaton\u2019s tomb is more strong evidence that he was never buried there.<\/p>\n<p>According to the Talmud, when Moses was 18, he fled Egypt after killing an Egyptian. He then became a soldier and fought on the side of the King of <em>Ethiopia<\/em>. After the King won, Moses became very popular. As a result, when the king died, Moses was appointed as their new king.<\/p>\n<p>The Talmud tells us that (like Akhenaton) the legitimacy of Moses as King stirred up the society. As a result, the Talmud account says, that even though the people loved and wanted him, Moses resigned voluntarily, and departed from their land. The people of Ethiopia bestowed great honors upon him.<\/p>\n<p>There are many similarities between The Talmud story of Moses and the Akhenaton story at Amarna:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">1. Moses was elevated to the post of king for some time before going to Sinai. Akhenaton likewise.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">2. The Talmud reference to <em>Ethiopia<\/em>, which is described as being a city, was mistaken for the Amarna location. It is also possible that <em>Ethiopia<\/em> was mistaken for utopia.<\/p>\n<p>The account of the reign of Moses in the Talmud indicates that he resigned his post, but did not die at that time. The logical conclusion is that he died and was buried outside Egypt proper\u2014in the Egyptian outpost at Moab\u2014as shown next.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>7. The Death Of Moses\/Akhenaton<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The account in the Old Testament of the failure of Moses to reach the <em>Promised Land<\/em>, his death and his burial in an unmarked grave is another curious episode.<\/p>\n<p>We are told initially that when his followers complained of thirst, Moses used his rod to smite a rock and bring forth water. It was called \u201c<strong><em>the water of Meribah<\/em><\/strong>\u201d\u2014a location in the north-center of Sinai, south of Canaan. It was this action that would later haunt him.<\/p>\n<p>Some time later, when the Israelites were camped on the banks of the Jordan near Jericho and opposite Canaan, Moses learned, according to the <em>Book of Deuteronomy<\/em>, that he was to be denied the opportunity to cross the river, no matter how hard he pleaded:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><em>I pray thee, let me go over, and see the good land that is beyond Jordan, that goodly mountain, and Lebanon.<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>&#8230; the Lord said &#8230; speak no more unto me of this matter &#8230;<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>&#8230; thou shalt not go over this Jordan. <\/em>[Deuteronomy 3:25-7]<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Later in the <em>Book of Deuteronomy<\/em>, we have an account of the actual death of Moses. The Lord said to him:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><em>Get thee up into this mountain Abarim, unto Mount Nebo, which is in the land of Moab\u2019<\/em><\/strong> (the borders between Sinai and eastern Jordan) <strong><em>\u2018that is over against Jericho; and be-hold the land of Canaan, which I give unto the children of Israel for a possession: And die in the mount &#8230; Because ye trespassed against me among the children of Israel at the waters of Meribah-Kadesh, in the wilderness of Zin<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>&#8230; thou shalt not go thither unto the land which I give the children of Israel. <\/em>[Deuteronomy\u00a032:49-52]<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>It is irrational to believe that God would punish Moses for providing water for his thirsty people. It is more logical to believe that trespassing onto Egyptian water wells may cause the Egyptian authorities to punish him for such a violation\u2014as confirmed by the Egyptian records.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Egyptian Pharaoh Seti I (C. 1333-1304 BCE) received a message about the chaos in Sinai:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><em>The Shasu enemies are plotting rebellion. Their tribal leaders are gathered in one place, standing on the foothills of Khor (a general term for Palestine and Syria), and they are engaged in turmoil and uproar. Each of them is killing his fellow.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In response, Seti I led his army promptly to Sinai. Seti I\u2019s war scenes, on the exterior north wall of the great Hypostyle Hall at Karnak, show that his first campaign against the Shasu (the tribes in Sinai) occurred when they attacked the small settlements along the Road of Horus, the ancient highway connecting Egypt with western Asia. This took place immediately after the Exodus from Egypt, possibly when they trespassed to obtain water from Egyptian settlements along that road. Seti I chased them as far as the city of Canaan, Gaza and, as a result, killed their leader, Moses, and many of his followers. Subsequently, they fled into Sinai for what the Old Testament calls \u201c<strong><em>the forty years of wandering<\/em><\/strong>\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>To prove that the Shasu and the Israelites are the same group of people, scholars studied:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">1. The Shasu appearance in Sinai, in Year 1 of Seti I\u2019s reign, and their subsequent movements over the following 100 years. This information was provided from ancient Egyptian records.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">2. The biblical accounts of the Exodus and their subsequent movements over 100 years.<\/p>\n<p>Scholars concluded that both of them followed the same route at exactly the same time sequence; i.e. the Shasu and the Israelites are one and the same group of people.<\/p>\n<p>The Talmud provides a different account than the Old Testament of how Moses died. There is a Talmudic reference to a confrontation and a struggle between Moses and the \u2018<em>Angel of Death<\/em>\u2019 on the Mount before he died. This had persuaded some biblical theologians scholars to believe that Moses was killed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>It seems more likely that Moses, using his royal scepter (symbol of authority), entered one or more of the Egyptian settlements along Horus Road to obtain water from their wells. Such actions were reported to Seti I, who reacted by chasing the Shasu, here identified as the Israelites, into northern Sinai. If these Talmudic references to the death of Moses are correct, it must have been there that Seti I confronted Moses\/Akhenaton before the latter\u2019s death.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>[An excerpt from <\/strong><\/span><strong>Ancient Egyptian Roots of Christianity, 2nd Edition<\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong> by Moustafa Gadalla]<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/ro\/produs\/the-ancient-egyptian-roots-of-christianity-2nd-edition\/\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/product\/the-ancient-egyptian-roots-of-christianity-2nd-edition\/<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/books2read-prod.s3.amazonaws.com\/CACHE\/images\/ubl_book_images\/book_display_image_GI3laab\/1bea4f8dcafc2f941541bcd630001b12\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/ro\/produs\/the-ancient-egyptian-roots-of-christianity-2nd-edition\/\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/product\/the-ancient-egyptian-roots-of-christianity-2nd-edition\/<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Moses And Akhenaton &nbsp; 1. Monotheism And Monomania The Ancient Egyptians believed in One God who was self-produced, self-existent, immortal, invisible, eternal, [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-464","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/464","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=464"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/464\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=464"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}