{"id":46955,"date":"2019-04-14T13:23:26","date_gmt":"2019-04-14T17:23:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/the-egyptian-alphabetical-form-of-writing\/"},"modified":"2022-12-29T13:04:49","modified_gmt":"2022-12-29T18:04:49","slug":"the-egyptian-alphabetical-form-of-writing","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/zh\/the-egyptian-alphabetical-form-of-writing\/","title":{"rendered":"Lekhan Kee Misr Kee Varnamaala Phaarm"},"content":{"rendered":"
[anuvaad lambit hai]<\/span>
\n[Devanaagaree mein upalabdh hai: \u092e\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0930\u0940-\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928-\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930.\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924]<\/span><\/h5>\n

\u57c3\u53ca\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e66\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f<\/span><\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

1. \u57c3\u53ca\u5b57\u6bcd\u7684\u9065\u8fdc\u65f6\u4ee3 <\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u5927\u591a\u6570\u73b0\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u8005\u660e\u786e\u6216\u542b\u84c4\u5730\u627f\u8ba4\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\uff09\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4e66\u4e2d \u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u6587\u5b66 <\/em>[\u7b2c xxxiv-v \u9875]\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u57c3\u53ca\u53e4\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u963f\u9053\u592b\u00b7\u57c3\u5c14\u66fc (Adolf Erman) \u627f\u8ba4\uff1a<\/p>\n

“\u53ea\u6709\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u6ce8\u5b9a\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u51e1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u4ed6\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u4e66\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u5b57\u6bcd\u8868\u3002 \u3002 \u201d\u3002<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u82f1\u56fd\u57c3\u53ca\u53e4\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6 WM Flinders Petrie \u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4e66\u4e2d \u5b57\u6bcd\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u6210<\/em> [\u7b2c 3 \u9875]\uff0c\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u201c\u4ece\u53f2\u524d\u65f6\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u57c3\u53ca\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7531\u7ebf\u6027\u7b26\u53f7\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u8349\u4e66\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5145\u6ee1\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u3002\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bed\u8a00\u9886\u57df\u6700\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u827e\u8428\u514b\u00b7\u6cf0\u52d2\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4e66\u4e2d \u5b57\u6bcd\u8868\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c<\/em> \u7b2c\u4e00\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c 62 \u9875\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u201c\u5728\u57c3\u53ca\u53e4\u8ff9\u4e0a\u53d1\u73b0\u5b57\u6bcd\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u975e\u5e38\u65e9\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8da3\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u5b83\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5b57\u6bcd\u8868\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65ad\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u9762\u771f\u7406\uff1a \u5b57\u6bcd\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u6bd4\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u66f4\u53e4\u8001\u2014\u2014\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u660e\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u66f4\u53e4\u8001\u3002<\/span>” <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u827e\u8428\u514b\u00b7\u6cf0\u52d2\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4e66\u4e2d \u5b57\u6bcd\u8868\u7684\u5386\u53f2<\/em> \u7b2c\u4e00\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c 17 \u9875\u3002 64\u3001\u5199\u5230\u57c3\u53ca\u56fd\u738b\u6d3e\u9063\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u201c\u68ee\u7279\u56fd\u738b\u5728\u5176\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\u671f\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5b57\u6bcd\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u66fe\u7ecf\u751f\u6d3b\u8fc7 \u516c\u5143\u524d 4000 \u81f3 4700 \u5e74<\/span>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u663e\u5f97\u4ee4\u4eba\u5403\u60ca\uff0c\u4f46\u5fc5\u987b\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0c \u5c3c\u7f57\u6cb3\u8c37\u56fe\u5f62\u827a\u672f\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u5fc5\u987b\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u8ddd\u4eca\u4e03\u3001\u516b\u5343\u5e74\u524d\u3002<\/span>“<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u5b57\u6bcd\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u65e9\u4e8e\u65e0\u4e8b\u53ef\u505a\u7684\u201c\u897f\u5948\u6587\u5b57\u201d[\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u6709\u5173\u8be5\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u7ae0\u8282]\u6570\u5343\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4e66\u4e2d \u5b57\u6bcd\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u6210<\/em>\uff0cWM Flinders Petrie \u6536\u96c6\u5e76\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u4ece\u57c3\u53ca\u53f2\u524d\u65e9\u671f\u5230\u5e0c\u814a\u548c\u7f57\u9a6c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u5b57\u6bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u76ae\u7279\u91cc\uff08\u6765\u81ea\u51e0\u4f4d\u72ec\u7acb\u5b66\u8005\uff09\u8fd8\u4ece\u5c0f\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u3001\u5e0c\u814a\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u7684 25 \u4e2a\u5730\u70b9\u6536\u96c6\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u6bd4\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u5b57\u6bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u8981\u5e74\u8f7b\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

Petrie \u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u6bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5217\u8868\u8868\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n

1. \u81ea\u524d\u738b\u671d\u65f6\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\uff087000 \u591a\u5e74\u524d\uff09\u8d77\uff0c\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u6bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u65e9\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u5728 5000 \u591a\u5e74\u524d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u57c3\u53ca\u201c\u50e7\u4fa3\u6587\u5b57\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u57c3\u53ca\u5b57\u6bcd\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u533a\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n

3. \u540c\u6837\u7684\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u5b57\u6bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u91c7\u7528\u5e76\u4f20\u64ad\u7ed9\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2. \u72ec\u7279\u7684\u524d\u5e0c\u514b\u7d22\u65af\u57c3\u53ca\u5b57\u6bcd\u7eb8\u838e\u8349\u7eb8 <\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u57c3\u53ca\u53e4\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u963f\u9053\u592b\u00b7\u57c3\u5c14\u66fc\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4e66\u4e2d\u5199\u9053 \u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u751f\u6d3b<\/em>\uff0c\u7b2c 339 \u9875\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u201c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u53e4\u738b\u56fd\u65f6\u671f <\/em><\/strong>[\u516c\u5143\u524d2575\u5e74-2040\u5e74] \u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8349\u4e66\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u53d1\u660e\u51fa\u6765\u4f9b\u65e5\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u50e7\u4fa3\u5b57\u4f53\u3002\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u827e\u8428\u514b\u00b7\u6cf0\u52d2\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4e66\u4e2d \u5b57\u6bcd\u8868\u7684\u5386\u53f2<\/em>\uff0c\u7b2c 1 \u5377\uff0c\u7b2c 94 \u548c 95 \u9875\uff0c\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u559c\u514b\u7d22\u65af\u65f6\u671f [\u7ea6\u516c\u5143\u524d 1600 \u5e74] \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u65e7\u738b\u56fd\u548c\u4e2d\u738b\u56fd\u65f6\u4ee3 [2575-1783] \u7684\u4e09\u4efd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u624b\u7a3f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u624b\u7a3f\u5177\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u6670\u548c\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u8349\u4e66\u6587\u5b57\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u5f20\u7eb8\u838e\u8349\u7eb8\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u5199\u4f5c\u98ce\u683c\u548c\u6574\u9f50\u8349\u4e66\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u6587\u5b57[Hieratic]\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8349\u4e66\u7279\u5f81\uff1a\u9ed1\u8272\u3001\u5706\u5f62\u548c\u7c97\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u4e09\u4efd\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u624b\u7a3f<\/p>\n

\u827e\u8428\u514b\u00b7\u6cf0\u52d2\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n

1. An Egyptian manuscript in the possession of Prof. Lepsius in which mention is made of the builder of the Great Pyramid of Giza, Khufu [Cheops], and other kings of the earlier dynasties of Memphis [2649 -2465 BCE].<\/p>\n

2. The most perfect specimen of the alphabetical neat cursive writing of the early period is the celebrated papyrus which was acquired at Thebes by M. Prisse d\u2019Avennes, given by him to the Bibliotheque Nationale at Paris. This manuscript is usually called the \u201cPapyrus Prisse.\u201d It was published in facsimile by M. Prisse in 1847, and consists of eighteen pages of a magnificent alphabetical cursive writing, unequaled in size and beauty, the characters being unusually large, full, and firm. A statement at the end of the papyrus shows that it is only a copy of the original work, which purports to have been composed by Prince Ptah-Hotep, who lived during the reign of Assa, a king of the fifth dynasty [2465-2323 BCE].<\/p>\n

3. \u67cf\u6797\u535a\u7269\u9986\u4e2d\u85cf\u6709\u57c3\u53ca\u56fd\u738b\u963f\u8499\u6d85\u59c6\u8d6b\u7279 (Amenemhat) \u548c\u4e4c\u82cf\u5c14\u5854\u68ee (Usurtasen) \u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u50e7\u4fa3\u7eb8\u838e\u8349\u788e\u7247\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u738b\u671d [1991-1783]\uff0c\u8be5\u738b\u671d\u5728\u5e0c\u514b\u7d22\u65af\u4eba\u5165\u4fb5\u4e4b\u524d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f <\/strong>\u7eb8\u838e\u8349\u7eb8\u590d\u5236\u54c1 Prisse<\/strong>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b57\u6bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4e0e\u6574\u4e2a\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u5386\u53f2\u53ca\u66f4\u8fdc\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u8fd9\u5f20\u975e\u5e38\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u7eb8\u838e\u8349\u7eb8\u7684\u653e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u4f1a\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u5b57\u6bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u5c06\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u5176\u4ed6\u65e9\u671f\u5b57\u6bcd\u6587\u5b57\u8457\u4f5c\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/div>\n

1. Clear alphabets from the Old Kingdom era [2575-2040 BCE] from a letter from a widow, written on linen, Egyptian Museum, Cairo, JE25975.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

2. This is the third of a cycle of five hymns to Senwosret III, which was found in the town of el-Lahun. The hymn to Senwosret III shows the strophic arrangement, and was written in mid 12th Dynasty [1991-1783 BCE].<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

3. The writing shown here is a memorandum from the Overseer of the temple to the Lector priest at Nubkaura Temple at el-Lahun (during the time of Senwosret II, 1897\u20131878 BCE), notifying him that Sirius would rise on the 16th day of the 4th month, so as to take note of its exact location and time to enter it into the temple records.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

4. Several other similar samples on various topics and purposes can be found in R.B. Parkinson\u2019s book [see Selected Bibliography.]<\/p>\n

5. Other Ancient Egyptian papyri with neat alphabetical writings on all kinds of subjects from this very early era are referred to throughout various publications by Moustafa Gadalla and are in most Egyptological references.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

3. \u70df\u5e55\u626b\u63cf\u6570\u4ee5\u5343\u8ba1\u7684\u57c3\u53ca\u5b57\u6bcd\u6587\u5b57<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u70df\u5e55\u6b63\u5728\u63a9\u76d6\uff08\u53e4\uff09\u57c3\u53ca\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e66\u5199\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u57c3\u53ca\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8c61\u5f62\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u201c\u539f\u59cb\u56fe\u753b\u201d\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a9\u76d6\u4e86\u57c3\u53ca\u5b57\u6bcd\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u6bcd\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u52a0\u5fb7\u7eb3\uff08Alan Gardiner\uff09\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4e66\u4e2d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u7684 \u57c3\u53ca\u8bed\u6cd5<\/em>, tries to \u201crationalize\u201d how they concealed the Egyptian alphabetical system:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u57c3\u53ca\u5b66\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u91c7\u7528\u67d0\u79cd\u5171\u540c\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u50e7\u4fa3\u624b\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u6b64\u76ee\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u50e7\u4fa3\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u66f4\u613f\u610f\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u50e7\u4fa3\u624b\u6284\u5199\u6210\u8c61\u5f62\u6587\u5b57\u201d\u3002<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u52a0\u5fb7\u7eb3\u5bf9\u57cb\u846c\u5b57\u6bcd[\u50e7\u4fa3]\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u201c\u89e3\u91ca\/\u8fa9\u62a4\u201d\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff0c\u6709 \u4e0d\u540c\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8457\u4f5c<\/span>\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u9662\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u3001\u7f57\u9a6c\u8bed\u6216\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u540c\u6837\u7684\u201c\u8e69\u811a\u501f\u53e3\u201d\uff01<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u8e69\u811a\u7684\u501f\u53e3\u4ec5\u5728\u57c3\u53ca\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u6b3a\u9a97\u548c\u9690\u85cf\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e66\u5199\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a 19 \u4e16\u7eaa\u81f3 20 \u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u201c\u897f\u65b9\u57c3\u53ca\u5b66\u5bb6\u201d\u9634\u8c0b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u8868\u660e\u8c61\u5f62\u6587\u5b57\uff08\u56fe\u5f62\u7b26\u53f7\uff09\u548c\u50e7\u4fa3\/\u901a\u4fd7\u5b57\u6bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u90fd\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

4. \u57c3\u53ca\u5df2\u6b7b\uff0c\u201c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u201d\u4e07\u5c81 <\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u5728\u9690\u85cf\u4e86\uff08\u53e4\uff09\u57c3\u53ca\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e66\u5199\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u4f7f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u57c3\u53ca\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8c61\u5f62\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u201c\u539f\u59cb\u56fe\u50cf\u201d\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff09\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u6253\u51fb\u662f\u5ba3\u5e03\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u8bed\u8a00\u5df2\u6b7b\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u88ab\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u51ed\u7a7a\u800c\u6765\u3002\u7a7a\u6c14\u2014\u2014\u7528\u201c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u201d\u8bed\u8a00\uff01<\/p>\n

\u8bf4\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u8bf4\u201c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8bed\u201d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u4e0d\u5408\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\uff1a\u201c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u201d\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u524d\u5c31\u201c\u6536\u517b\u201d\u4e86\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bb2\u57c3\u53ca\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82f1\u56fd\u57c3\u53ca\u53e4\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u52a0\u5fb7\u7eb3\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4e66\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a \u57c3\u53ca\u8bed\u6cd5<\/em>\uff0c\u7b2c 3 \u9875\uff0c\u5199\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u201c\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u8bed\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u8bed\u97f3\u7cfb\u7edf\u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\u6216\u73b0\u4ee3\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8bed\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6b63\u5982\u6240\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u6240\u8bc1\u660e\u548c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u57c3\u53ca\u8bed\u662f\u6240\u6709\u95ea\u7c73\u7279\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4e4b\u6bcd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093f\u0902\u092f\u093e\u0938, \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/p>\n

\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 egyptologist \u090f\u0932\u0928 gardiner, \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u092e\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/em>\u092e\u0947\u0902, 2 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920, \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u093e:<\/p>\n

\u201cThe Egyptian language is related, not only to the Semitic tongues (Hebrew, Arabic, Aramaic, Babylonian, etc.), but also to the East African languages (Galla, Somali, etc.) and the Berber idioms of North Africa. Its connection with the latter groups, together known as the Hamitic family, is a very thorny subject, but the relationship to the Semitic tongues can be fairly accurately defined. \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948; \u092e\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0916\u093c\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926-\u0909\u092a\u091c\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0902\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0948\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0928 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0964 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u092c\u091c \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u091a\u093f\u092a\u0915\u093e<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

“\u0905\u0930\u092c\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e” \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0947 15 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0925\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0908 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 lexicon, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093f\u0902\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 verbs \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935, \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0909\u092a\u091c\u0940,, \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0917\u094d\u092e\u0928 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\/lexicons \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0917\u0920\u0928\/derivations \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0947 (\u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u092f \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915) \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0917, infixes \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902; \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093f\u0902\u092f\u093e\u0938\/\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0964<\/p>\n

[Excerpts from Ancient Egyptian Universal Writing Modes by Moustafa Gadalla]<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928<\/p>\n

 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[anuvaad lambit hai] [Devanaagaree mein upalabdh hai: \u092e\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0930\u0940-\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928-\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930.\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924] The Egyptian Alphabetical Form Of Writing   1. Remote Age Of Egyptian Alphabets Most […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-46955","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46955","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=46955"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46955\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/egyptianwisdomcenter.org\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46955"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}